Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Essay Example for Free

Psychological Behavioral Therapy Essay In the mid 1960’s there was a float towards Cognitive Behavior Therapy as individuals dismissed out of frustration in the psychodynamic hypothesis for psychotherapy. Likewise as of now social learning hypothesis was the new and up and coming examination. This is when Cognitive hypothesis developed with Alfred Adler. He was the principal Cognitive advisor who thought of the possibility that a people convictions and thoughts is the thing that makes up their conduct (Lantz, 1996). He accepted that this kind of psychotherapy would permit the customers to make changes in the manner they think to change their conduct and take care of their issues. Alfred Adler was not by any means the only supporter of Cognitive hypothesis. Between the late 1950’s and mid 1960’s Albert Ellis thought of broken reasoning or feelings that originate from silly convictions. He searched out to change these indistinct feelings with psychotherapy and by testing these convictions. His books are very notable and utilized a great deal of by various advisor. He is essentially viewed as the granddad of Cognitive Behavior Therapy and his ABC model is utilized broadly. Albert concocted Rational-emotive treatment, which was later on changed to Rational-emotive conduct treatment since Ellis needed his customers to follow up on their new convictions by incorporating them (Wilde, 1996, p. 9). Other people who have added to Cognitive hypothesis have been William Glasser, Arnold Lazarus, Don Tosi, Victor Ramy, Maxie Maultsby, Aron Beck and some more. William Glasser utilized viable psychotherapy to enable his customers to discover fortitude to change their way of life and become progressively dependable of their objectives. He did this by bringing up the value of self and the fundamental human should be adored. His ‘reality therapy’ comprised of his customers concentrating on moral obligation to comprehend their own world (Lantz, 1996). Arnold Lazarus thought of the seven methods of the customer that help evaluate their working. These seven modes are sensation, symbolism, discernment, conduct influence, relational living and medications (Lantz, 1996). These modes, as indicated by Lazarus, would help think of a treatment plan that would help the customer in every aspect of their capacity lives. Wear Tosi added to Cognitive hypothesis by intergrading trance with the treatment. Mesmerizing is utilized to enable the customers to picture their musings in a solid manner through investigation and redirection (Lantz, 1996). Victor Ramy concentrated his work on helping customers change their self-idea. His books tell the best way to enable a customer to work with and change the intellectual misconception of themselves. Maxie Maultsby utilized the ABC model as utilized by Albert Ellis however he likewise contributed by utilizing balanced conduct treatment with youths, for self improvement gatherings, and gathering treatment. Aron Beck was a therapist who utilized psychological treatment to help his customers who had tension and character issue. He did broad research on viable Cognitive treatment and how it helps customers with a scope of individual issues from self-destructive patients to the individuals who have marginal character issue. A considerable lot of the individuals who added to Cognitive treatment were not social specialists. The main social specialist that utilized Cognitive treatment was Harold Werner. Werner battled from the get-go when he attempted to carry Cognitive treatment to social work as the individuals who had a psychoanalytical perspective assaulted him. His endeavors permitted the hypothesis to be acknowledged in the social work field. Howard Goldstein likewise carried Cognitive treatment into the social work calling. Conduct hypothesis is a blend of various speculations joined and it originally occurred in the primary quarter of this century. Crafted by Ivan Pavlov and his old style molding hypothesis, crafted by B.F. Skinner and J.B. Watson and their operant condition hypothesis and crafted by Bandura on the social learning hypothesis is completely consolidated in the conduct hypothesis. The old style molding hypothesis expresses that an adapted improvement can cause a molded reaction with the popular case of Pavlov and the salivating hound. This is a conduct that is found out and that can be utilized to help customers during treatment particularly the individuals who have tension issue. The operant molding utilizes human conduct and inspects it. Skinner accepted that conduct was quantifiable and that specific circumstances cause human to respond is sure ways. When these practices are found out through the logical strategy we can foreordain a customers activities and help them with either negative or uplifting comments. This will either increment or lessening the client’s conduct in the event that the conduct is rebuffed or emphatically strengthened. In the late 60’s is when conduct hypothesis turned into a leader with clinical social work. As of now the psychodynamic speculations were enduring an onslaught and another hypotheses were searched out. Social learning hypothesis centers around utilizing the ABC model that Albert Ellis used to support customers. This includes finding the precursors, target practices, and outcome in ones hazardous conduct. Predecessors is the thing that the customer was doing before the circumstance happened, target conduct is the conduct that should be changed or centered around and the outcome is the outcome due to their objective conduct (Thomlison, 1996). These three are broke down to make sense of what requirements to change in the conduct to get an other positive outcome or to perceive how the circumstance can be dodged. Standards and Concepts: There are four essential ideas to Cognitive hypothesis. The primary uses Albert Ellis’s ABC model to manage the feelings we feel and the manner in which we consider our circumstances and ourselves. The ABC model causes us distinguish our musings and afterward encourages us control our feelings (Lantz, 1996). On the off chance that what we are thinking during a circumstance is silly, at that point our feelings will be wild and nonsensical moreover. On the off chance that we have normal considerations, at that point our feelings will be practical. In the event that our trigger conduct causes silly feelings, at that point we have to discover judicious feelings to supplant the silly conviction (Wilde, 1996, p. 33). The second essential idea to Cognitive hypothesis is that these silly convictions are in our oblivious and we don't know about them. This may make it hard to discover what the musings are and why we have broken feelings. To enable our customers to see their unreasonable convictions we need to permit them to learn misguided judgments about themselves so they are increasingly mindful of their musings. Nonsensical accepts lead to outlandish feelings, which makes the customer respond in a preposterous manner, yet there are exactions to these sorts of circumstance, which is essential idea three (Lantz, 1996). Now and then the manner in which we feel has nothing to do with our unreasonable convictions. What we are feeling is truly evident or there could be a neurological or other medical issue, which can cause a person to feel down or furious or upset. A uniqueness in the cerebrum science can cause useless feelings. Ultimately all unreasonable feelings are not generally useless which implies a sane conviction can be broken too. A customer may get kind of ‘high’ or energized from something risky, for example, a weapon. Playing with a firearm may give a customer a sentiment of energy and joy yet it isn't protected to play with weapons. Feeling cheerful or energized isn't viewed as a broken feeling however for this situation we would need to show the customer the confusion in their psyche that playing with firearms is sheltered or fun. Intellectual hypothesis permits an individual to perceive their condition and their circumstance both truly and publicly and it permits them to work through and transform it (Lantz, 1996). An essential idea to Behavior hypothesis is that all conduct is found out and that individual have dangerous practices. As per Skinner our social issues can be estimated through our conduct. By changing the earth and strengthening the customer with either uplifting feedback or negative fortification we can get them to change their conduct. The boosts from the support will permit the customer to either change or evacuate the conduct (Thomlison, 1996). Social learning hypothesis, which includes the ABC model, gives us how conduct can improve. Likenesses and Differences: The greatest comparability between Cognitive hypothesis and Behavior hypothesis is the interlacing of the Social Learning Theory. The two of them utilize the ABC model and take a gander at the predecessors, practices, and results of every circumstance. With Cognitive hypothesis, the trigger conduct accompanies a nonsensical conviction that should be changed. Customers regularly have unreasonable convictions during their conduct. After the outcome happens the ABC model will assist us with demonstrating them their silly convictions and instruct them that with an objective conviction an alternate result could have occurred. With Behavior hypothesis a comparative example is utilized. The issue is distinguished and the objective conduct is seen by the social laborer other savvy known as ‘behavior analysis’ (Thomlison, 1996). The social laborer at that point works with the customers on changing both the predecessors and the outcomes to achieve an alternate conduct. Changing the forerunner is known as controlling the earth condition (Streff, Geller, 1986). The precursor is changed to build a positive conduct in the circumstance. The outcome is utilized as fortification either positive or negative. The support takes into account an adjustment in conduct. The contrast between the two hypotheses is that one spotlights on the convictions and feelings that one has about themselves and the conduct that originates from these convictions and the different spotlights on tricky conduct and the fortifications that change this sort of conduct. Conduct treatment utilizes both positive and negative fortifications and Cognitive treatment centers around taking out the negative conduct or feeling and supplanting

The Topic is Post Merger Integration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Topic is Post Merger Integration - Essay Example A merger can be viewed as the meeting up of at least two firms of decently a similar size after a joint choice to frame a completely new firm, sharing force similarly. (Gustafsson and Hukkanen, 2002; Randeniya and Roivas, 2004). Three sorts of mergers can be recognized: vertical reconciliation where two firm occupied with various phases of creation of a similar decent/administration meet up, even mergers where two firms at a similar phase of creation meet up and aggregates where two firms delivering disconnected merchandise/administrations meet up (Gustafsson and Hukkanen, 2002; Randeniya and Roivas, 2004). Vertical can additionally be part into forward vertical and in reverse vertical mergers.(Gustafsson and Hukkanen, 2002). A merger may happen to accomplish the accompanying outcomes. A procurement then again is an association of two firms in one of them endures while the different leaves presence. (Gustafsson and Hukkanen, 2002). In specific events, the ingested organization may hold its individual character on the off chance that it is a significant vital component, for instance, when Ford procured Volvo, Volvo was still permitted to keep its image name.(Randeniya and Roivas, 2004). ... (Gustafsson and Hukkanen, 2002; Karin and Elisabet, 2006). The differentiation among mergers and acquisitions can saw from three points, viz: The key explanation or reason fundamental the choice; Regardless of whether it is an amicable or antagonistic solidification; The level of combination between the organizations. (Gustafsson and Hukkanen, 2002) As a rule, the intentions in mergers and acquisitions can be extensively partitioned into two, viz, the money related and non-esteem expanding reasons. The monetary explanation: This arrangements with the money related estimation of the firm all in all and takes a gander at perspectives, for example, expanding in general execution and making investor esteem. (Risberg, 2006). This is because of the increases of collaboration and defeating of data asymmetry which may have been existing in the independent firms. (Risberg, 2006). Likewise, the association's powerlessness to finance certain hardly beneficial undertakings as remain solitary foundations is a propelling budgetary factor behind mergers. There is likewise the non-esteem amplifying hardly based rationale behind mergers. This emerges basically because of the chief's wants to build force, deals or development. This explanation is otherwise called individual or key reasons. (Risberg, 2006). In a merger, the recently shaped firm has a totally new name while in an obtaining, the assimilated firm may hold its name, however the board is dealt with by the getting firm. (Randeniya and Roivas, 2004). Other remote purposes behind mergers of acquisitions are mental intentions which is predominantly dread. In this manner, we discover a circumstance where firms meet up or obtain others or because of the dread of being procured by other bigger progressively effective firms. (Risberg, 2006). Once more, as firms develop old, they become unbending and the sky is the limit from there

Spot the Blogger

Spot the Blogger When the CPW schedule came out  when I was a prefrosh 50000 years ago, I turned into a puddle of excitement. A puddle! I tried to plan out a full itinerary and ended up with something like this: and miserably failed at attending all the events I had hoped to be at. While this is not a guide to optimizing your CPW experience here are a few things I wish I knew as a prefrosh! 1) Your host loves you, so try your best to get to know them!  Remember that your host is fully aware of the commitment of hosting a prefrosh, so dont feel like you are a burden. However, you shouldnt plan on glomming onto your hostâ€"remember that campus is filled with hundreds of other prefrosh just like you, so itd be a shame to not go out and meet them :) 2) The MIT Mobile application  will help you navigate across campus and on the Boston side where you might find events from FSILGS. Download it and check it out! You can also use whereis.mit.edu for a simple Google Maps version of campus. Dont be afraid to explore there are great events that are often a shuttle ride away. 3) You can catch up on sleep when you get home. Dont feel guilty for wanting to stay up and try everything. :) Youve earned it! 4) CPW is still school for us! (unfortunately) If your host has classes on Thursday and Friday, or club meetings throughout CPW, or a bit of studying or problem sets to do for next week then your host is indeed an MIT student! Dont fret and feel like they dont want to spend time with youâ€"they are often trying their best to clear their schedule for you. :D ~~~~~~~ And if you want to find a blogger for some life guidance? Heres where youll find us this CPW: I will be at Activities Midway on Saturday at the Asian American Association and Undergraduate Association booths! please come say hi and get some free swag from me :) at Phi Sig Iron Chef enjoying some of the best (and most elaborate?) dinner on campus at my sorority on Saturday from 5-7pm for our open house eventâ€"make your own pizza. all the pizza. infinite pizza! making delicious dumplings on Saturday with the Asian American Assocation floating around to cheer on my friends at a number of different events Anna H. 14 will be getting ready to help run the following French House events: Cards Crêpes on Thursday and dinner on Friday presenting a poster on my astronomy research at the MURJ/Sigma Xi CPW Poster Session on Saturday at Meet the Bloggers on Friday MCing at the Closing Show on Saturday :) Rachel D. 16 will be in the EC courtyard helping to dye hair and show everyone how awesome EC culture is helping out with the EC haunted house on Saturday night as a scary person giving tours of East Campus if you see her in the courtyard and recognize her as a bloggerâ€"shell let you meet the infamous cats of Tetazoo! Erick P. 17 will be at Skullhouse (Phi Kappa Sigma) manning different dinners and steak and shake every night at Meet the Bloggers on Friday living the prefrosh life, so dont blow his cover Emad T. 14 will be at a screening of Silver Linings Playbook, an event co-sponsored by Active Minds at MIT and the LSC at the Activities Midway at the UA, Active Minds and SMASH booths probably trying to steal pancakes and eating stuff at Max Brenner And blogger or notâ€"dont be afraid to ask a student tough questions if youre looking for deeper answers. Beyond our hopes that CPW is one of the craziest experiences of your life, we hope that it answers a lot of your questions if you do have a tough choice to make. My CPW host helped me understand why MIT was a good fit for me. :) Oh and 5) Bring a pair of comfortable shoes you can walk, run and climb in. For uhh exploring.

Essay about Marijuana As Medicine Should Be Allowed

The legalization of marijuana as a prescription drug should be allowed. Medical research shows that marijuana has therapeutic value in patients with various types of cancers, some neurological disorders, and AIDS patients. The marijuana eases some of the effects of chemotherapy such as nausea and dizziness. It also controls muscle spasms and contractions and aids in the relaxation of patients with neurological disorders. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Many researchers and administrations of the government, such as the Drug Enforcement Administration(D.E.A.) feel that legalizing marijuana is an unnecessary approach in the treatment of patients. Many of them feel that not only those people with the diseases and the disorders will use†¦show more content†¦nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Many other complaints of the legalization of marijuana have been argued and show no relevance in reasons of why marijuana should not be legalized. The D.E.A. is trying to make the argument that by legalizing marijuana, the drug problem in America will worsen. The way the DEA sees this issue is that if they allow marijuana as a medicine, there is the fear that there will be many more people using it. Then after using it, they will see how good they feel and that they are functioning fine. When that effect hits the people, that will raise questions of why marijuana is illegal at all. That is an invalid fear because if that was the case, then drugs like morphine and cocaine, which are prescribed legally, would be causing problems. Those legal uses are not adding in any significant way to the countrys drug problems, so marijuana should not either. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Many of the government organizations have expressed their opinion that the patients being used in these experiments by marijuana lobbyists to bring attention to their real motive: legalizing marijuana in general. It is unfair for the government to make the public try to believe that these medical researchers are the bad guys and the government is trying to protect the public from the evil. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;As much research has conducted, it has be proven that marijuana has been effective in treating sick patients with theirShow MoreRelatedMedicinal Marijuana Should Be Decriminalized Essay851 Words   |  4 Pagesdebates over the topic of the decriminalization of marijuana have been a great controversy among politicians. Some politicians believe that marijuana for the use of medicine should be outlawed. As Congressman Bob Barr in his debate with radio talk show host Neil Boortz on May 14, 2002, stated, quot;There is no legitimate medical use whatsoever for marijuana. This [marijuana] is not medicine. This is bogus witchcraft. It has no place in medicine, no place in pain relief, and it has no place aroundRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1187 Words   |  5 Pagesthese drugs do not relieve their symptoms, as they should (Joy 117). For this type of patient, medical marijuana is an obvious alternative, if only it were legal. The legalization of marijuana i s becoming a more polemic debate as several states are, at the very least, decriminalizing it. The decision for legalization is conflicted between whether the drug can provide benefits towards certain medical conditions and also be safe to consume. Marijuana should be legalized for medical uses because it has aRead MoreMedicinal Marijuana: Should It Be Legal in All States? Essay1071 Words   |  5 Pagesor not marijuana should be legal for medicinal purposes in all fifty states. Many people believe that marijuana is an unsuitable substitute for many of the medications we have today. On the other hand, many researchers have conducted extensive studies that have shown how beneficial medicinal marijuana can be. Many states have already picked up on this, and have laws set in place to allow the use of medicinal marijuana. Medicinal marijuana has a wide variety of uses, and should be allowed for medicinalRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legal? Essay1234 Words   |  5 PagesRecently doctor s have prescribed marijuana, and â€Å"the Clinton administration threatened to prosecute doctors who prescribe marijuana,† (Gonnerman 40). Doctors are prescribing marijuana for its medical benefits. The Clinton administration on the other hand is outlawing marijuana because it has not been approved by the FDA. Since doctors feel marijuana has medical benefits it should be clinically tested so they can prescribe it for their patients. Marijuana can be used for many medical reasons. ForRead MoreMedical Marijuana Should Be Legal1545 Words   |  7 Pagesmedicinal utility of marijuana. However, the federal government opposes passing legislation that would legalize medical marijuana because of its potential to be abused or unregulated. The states are continuously challenging the federal government causing complications in legislation in regards to medical marijuana. Because of its history of medicinal properties and accumulating amounts of state and local legislation, the federa l government should decriminalize medical marijuana and legalize its useRead MoreMarijuana in Medicine1452 Words   |  6 Pagesuse of medical marijuana should be allowed for medical purposes. Marijuana can be used as a treatment for nausea and vomiting, as well as a pain reliever from other medical treatments such as chemotherapy. Others argue that its use can lead to addiction and could lead to health risks such as lung and heart problems over time. Therefore, medical marijuana should be strictly limited for medical use and monitored to meet the needs of the patient. Medical marijuana should be allowed to relieve painRead MoreEssay Marijuana for Medical Use1547 Words   |  7 PagesMarijuana for Medical Use For many years the United States government has prohibited some drugs, such as marijuana, from being sold in the marketplace. Yet, even with prohibition, marijuana use has only decreased minimally. Because of its illegality, only the bad aspects of marijuana use have been made known. However, there are many positive aspects of marijuana legalization, including its application concerning medical cures. As of today, in most of the states, marijuana is classifiedRead More The Use Of Marijuana For Medicinal Purposes Essay820 Words   |  4 Pages Marijuana is illegal in fifty states because of its classification as an illicit drug, but controversial issues have been established that this â€Å"illicit drug† has improved the course of treatment for suffering patients. Marijuana has beneficial effects when used in medicinal scenarios for the treatment of pain; thus it should be an administered drug for patients who can benefit from the use of this drug. Marijuana has undergone analysis for its use as a medicine and the results have shown improvementsRead MoreWhy Marijuana Should Be Legal1085 Words   |  5 PagesDear , Since the 1930s marijuana has been illegal in the United States. The debate to legalize marijuana has been a huge controversy since the existence of the drug. I believe that by legalizing marijuana America will be able to thrive in the future. Marijuana has been tested and proven to provide a very positive impact in the medical field, the economy, and crime. First and foremost, marijuana is legal in some states in the United States but for medical use only and other countries such as CanadaRead MoreThe Bill to Legaliza Marijuana Around the United States Essay1493 Words   |  6 Pagesintroduced to the following bill, which was referred to the Committee on A Bill Section 1: This Bill will legalize marijuana around the United States to meet the public’s demand and allow the government full control of marijuana consumption and business. Section 2: The Congress hereby finds and declares†¦ There has not been reported of any death case related to marijuana usage and overdose. Marijuana, called cannabis, is widely known around the nation and has spread through each street and alley. It can be

The Aeneid From An Analytical Approach - 1272 Words

The Aeneid by Virgil There are many different ways of looking at the Aeneid from an analytical approach. Many readers will tend to focus on the relationship of Aeneas and Dido and some will focus on Dido herself while others, like myself, will focus on Aeneas s blind ambition which is driven by the Gods desire to have him found a new Trojan empire in Rome. His obedience and loyalty was towards achieving what the Gods said was his future fate. Aeneas himself has some godlike qualities and was honored by the people of Troy. His father however, did not give him the same respect that the people of Troy did. Early on in the Aeneid, when the city of Troy fell, Aeneas was challenged with rounding up what was left of the Trojan people and leaving the city to find a new home to settle. His journey takes him too many places and through many obstacles before finally reaching a city that accepted them. Aeneas was not without fault and cared deeply for his people and eventually fell in love. That love proved t o be a distraction and once again Aeneas was off to find their new home. Aeneas eventually makes his way to Rome and becomes their king and fulfills his blind ambitious destiny the Gods lead him to believe. Who is Aeneas? Aeneas is a member of the Dardanian branch of the Trojan royal house but lived on Mount Ida instead of in Troy itself (Sage, Evan T). He was actually the son of the Goddess Athena who provided him with certain godlike abilities and protection that aShow MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeare s Hamlet - Moral Idealism1159 Words   |  5 PagesMoral idealism,as characterized by German idealist Immanuel Kant, is a philosophical approach to life that is driven by a desired focus on what is â€Å"right† and governs morality by a set of universal rights or duties, which tend to avoid compromises and deals with absolutes. An individual that adopts such an ideology, while in search of revenge for a crime committed against family, may cross into the realm of the divine and seek retribution beyond the worldly human capabilities as performed by the

Human Cloning Free Essays

Ashley Brackett Biology Ms. Lecco Block 1A Human Cloning: Helpful or Harmful? Human cloning, which was once thought of as the witchcraft involved in fictional stories, is a true thing in the real world. Human cloning involves replicating DNA of one organism into another one (Human Cloning). We will write a custom essay sample on Human Cloning or any similar topic only for you Order Now The controversial topic of cloning is seen by citizens that it could be beneficial for all humans, but by many people it is conceived as immoral and unsafe. Human cloning should not be allowed because the health risks involved, its depraved background, and errors that could occur during the cloning process. Cloning is potentially very dangerous to the clone being formed. For example, in mammalian cloning, at least 95% mammal experimental clones have had miscarriages, stillbirths, and life-threatening anomalies (Reproductive Cloning Arguments). No clones are perfectly healthy and will clearly have difficulty during pregnancies. Pregnancy problems will affect the clone and its child. Also, cloning can lead to birth defects to the clones themselves as well (Health Risks). Since clones are scientifically made, their organs are enlarged which is the most common reason for birth defects. Clones are also likely to experience an early death due to their weaker immune system (Health Risks). Clones will experience death possible before normally developed human. Health problems and early death is what makes human cloning unsafe. Along with all the health risks, human cloning is also immoral to a great amount of the populace. Clones are formed because of a nuclear donor and as a result, a clone will never be able to be its own self (Reproductive Cloning Arguments). This will affect a clone’s social development. Making an exact copy of someone is not morally right. Cloning could diminish the sense of uniqueness among human beings (Reproductive Cloning Arguments). People are supposed to have their own personality and physical features. Being an individual is ethical. As well as destroying a sense of individuality, cloning also would fosters a person’s idea of a human being by how it’s made to how it looks (Reproductive Cloning Arguments). There will be a specific look that all people will believe is perfection. This forms unrealistic images in young children’s minds and also takes away self appreciation. Cloning is immortal and should not be used to create a human being. Cloning is now as an experiment and it is not always perfect. In cloning, many mistakes are made. The most common mistake is DNA imprinting (Health Risks). Improper imprinting on an embryo can lead to organ abnormalities. Because cloning can possibly have errors, a clone is never going to be what it is meant to be which is a copy of a person. Human cloning will never be just right. Human cloning is extremely hazardous, unethical, and can result in many errors. It posts many dangers and makes citizens lose sight of individuality. For these reasons, human cloning should not be allowed in the United States. Work Cited â€Å"Human Cloning. †Ã‚  Buzzle. N. p. , n. d. Web. 15 Apr. 2013. http://www. buzzle. com/     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  articles/human-cloning/. Pandey, Kundan. â€Å"Health Risks of Cloning. †Ã‚  Buzzle. N. p. , 16 June 2011. Web. 15     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Apr. 2013. http://www. buzzle. com/articles/ health-risks-of-cloning. html. â€Å"Reproductive Cloning Arguments Pros and Cons. †Ã‚  Genetics and Society. Center for     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Genetics and Society, 15 May 2006. Web. 15 Apr. 2013. http://www. geneticsandsociety. org/article. php? id=282. How to cite Human Cloning, Papers

Recidivism in the Criminal Justice System an Example of the Topic Government and Law Essays by

Recidivism in the Criminal Justice System Overview Prison recidivism is a problem in the United States, resulting in prison overcrowding. As the government struggles to address the conditions in prisons, researchers have begun to look at alternatives to incarceration. These alternatives can result in lowering crime, recidivism and the prison population (Lanagan 2002). Need essay sample on "Recidivism in the Criminal Justice System" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed The numbers of people in the United States spending time in prison and the amount of time people are spending is an enormous problem and cost for every state Llanagan 2002). The rate of incarceration has doubled in the last twenty years. Sixty percent of these people are serving time in prison for non-violent offenses. Only Russia has a higher rate of incarceration than the United States. Eventually, the great majority of criminals are released back to society (Messina 2006). Since it is clear that the likelihood of re-offending is high, and increases over time, preventative programs are being studied and implemented across the United States as well as other countries. The rehabilitative and preventative program work to address the transition n to the community and focus in on particular problems for the individual (Cochran 2007). Many of these program focus on the problems associated with substance abuse and addiction as this issues is rampant among individual in the criminal justice system. People Frequently Tell Us:I'm don't want to write my paper now. I don't have the timeProfessional writers recommend:We Write All Kinds Of PapersCheap Essay Helper Hire Writers For Blogs Pay For Writing Cheap Essay Help Programs and services for individuals with mental illness in the criminal justice system are also being developed across the country. In many areas, professional have referred to the prisons and jails throughout the country as de facto mental institution (Cochran 2007). The number of people with a mental illness incarcerated each year is more that seven times the number of people hospitalized (Peters 2005). More than sixty percent of incarcerated individuals are minorities. Another population that is increasing fast is the number of women in the criminal justice system. There are many complex reasons one can link to the rising rate of arrest and incarceration. These involve society issues such as poverty, unemployment, gang involvement, substance abuse, lack of educational opportunities, etc. As a result of crime, lawmakers have made changes to address the issue including mandatory sentencing, and three strikes laws (Roberts 2001). The responses to get tougher on crime have in some ways back fired. Continually arresting and sentencing an individual for drug related offences does not appear to be the answer, given the statistics. The Data A study by the US Department of Justice found that over 60% of prisoners released are rearrested within three years. The Department of Justice reviewed the cases of 300,000 individuals released from prison in 1994 and completed a similar review of prisoners released in 1983.More than half (52%) were back in prison within three years for either a violation of their parole or for a new crime. Individual in prison for robbery and burglary had the highest rate of re-offence (over 70%) (Zamble 2002). Individuals in prison for homicide and rape had lower rearrest rates of around 40%, still high enough to raise serious concerns for society. On average, prisoners had accrued fifteen charges prior to their initial prison sentence (Langan 2002). On average, prisoners remain in prison nearly five years, but served only about one third of their original sentence. The great majority of prisoner, about 70% had more than five prior arrests. Date indicates that six moths following release approximately one third of criminal have re-offended. That number grows to about forty-five percent after two years and to nearly seventy percent in three years (Langan 2002). Mental Illness Persons with mental illness represent approximately more than fifteen percent of the prison population, more than 100,000 persons across the United States. This number does not include the even larger number of inmates in local and county jails ( Lovell 2002). More than half of these prisoner released, were later rearrested. Unlike other populations of prisoners, those with mental illness are not generally able to advocate for themselves. There voices are not heard by the community at large. Social workers and mental health professionals have begun to study this issue and develop programs to link individual with appropriate services and prevent the re-offending behavior. (Lovell 200). Additionally, models on the front end that keep mentally ill individuals out of local jails are being developed. For example, The Crisis Intervention Team (CIT) model involves local police working along with mental health professions to quickly identify and divert mentally ill people from the law enforc ement system to the mental health system. This model is being used in Memphis Tennessee and has become a national model, replicated in many communities. Early data on this program indicates that arrests are decreasing and referrals to mental health services are increasing. In the long term, keeping mentally ill individuals out of jail, keeps them out of prisons (Cochran 2007). Substance Abuse Programs are also being designed to address the population of individuals who are incarcerated and re-incarcerated as the result of serious substance abuse and dependence problems (Hiller 1999). The development of what has become known as a therapeutic community within the confines of the prison can be used to begin the assessment and treatment of people with substance abuse problems Following the treatment in prison, the referral, to a community based residential program for continued treatment and support further improves the outcomes in the long term. The research concludes that the criminal justice system must develop release plans that include a continuum of services from the prison to the community. Society as a whole is served by these programs as there is less cost and less crime (Hiller 1999). Women Women are an invisible group in prisons in the Untied States. Most people dont think of the large and increasing numbers of incarcerated women, or of their children. It is not the normal image of women in our society. Aside form the high profile cases covered in the media, the problems and circumstance of female prisoners has not been given much attention until recently. The number of women in the prison system has tripled in the last ten years (Zamble 2002). Women are the fastest growing prison population. The reason for this is fairly clear. The crimes committed by these women are generally substance abuse related and with mandatory sentencing, they go to prison (Roberts 2001). The complicated factor in many of these women life is the history of trauma and co-existing mental health problems. Surveys of women in prison have shown numbers as high as eight percent of them with a history of sexual and or physical abuse (Messina 2006). The rate of recidivism for these women is high and a survey of prison wardens in 1995, indicated that at least three quarters of these women would be better served in community based programs. The mandatory sentencing laws that were meant to keep serious and violent criminal locked up, has resulted in an increasing number of non violent, substance abusing women in prison. There crimes are often linked to poverty (Wolf 2006). The recurring themes in the lives of these women are lack of education, unemployment, single mothers and poverty. Approximately 66% of these women have children. Almost two thirds of the women are minorities (Messina 2006). Developing programs to identify and begin treatment of these women while in prison, or diverting them from prison all together is key. The therapeutic community model has also shown to be effective for women. Programs must have a component for assessing issues of past abuse that may hold the key to the substance abuse and in tern the poor education and employment histories of these women (Wolf 2006). Summary The Untied States has experienced an explosive increase in the criminal justice system for problems liked to poverty, unemployment, mental illness, substance abuse among other societal factors. Maintaining individuals in prison with the goal of sending a message and preventing future crime has not been successful. It appears from the data and the research that the Unites States will need to examine other alternatives to have an effect on crime, rates of recidivism and the costs associated with the criminal justice system (Zamble 2002). Studies and research has shown that the types of programs needed are similar in nature and design, though may need to be adjusted depending on the particular problems of a group or individual. Rehabilitative programs that begin to assess and treat people in prison and then link them to services in the community is at the present, the best hope of impacting the crime rate and recidivism. References Cochran, Major Sam, Fighting Stigma in Law Enforcement. The Message Has to Come From the Heart. Memphis Police Department, 2007. Hiller, Matthew L, Knight, Kevin. Simpson, Dwayne Prison-based substance abuse treatment, residential aftercare and recidivism Addiction 94 (6), 1999. Langan, Patrick and Levine, David .Recidivism of Prisoners, Office of Justice Brorams Special Report, June 2002. Lovell, David and Gagliardi, Gregg Recidivism and Use of Services Among Persons with Mental Illness After Release From Prison, Psychiatric Services, October 2002. Messina, Nena, Burdon, William, Prendergastn, Michael, Predictors of prison-based treatment outcomes: a comparison of men and women participants. American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, Feb, 2006. Peters RH, Wexler HK. Substance abuse treatment for adults in the criminal justice system. Rockville (MD): Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA); 2005 Sep 12. 332 p. (Treatment improvement protocol (TIP); no. 44

Indonesia - Geography, History, and More

Indonesia - Geography, History, and More Population: 240,271,522 (July 2009 estimate)Capital: JakartaMajor Cities: Surabaya, Bandung, Medan, SemarangArea: 735,358 square miles (1,904,569 sq km)Bordering Countries: Timor-Leste, Malaysia, Papua New GuineaCoastline: 33,998 miles (54,716 km)Highest Point: Puncak Jaya at 16,502 feet (5,030 m)Indonesia is the worlds largest archipelago with 13,677 islands (6,000 of which are inhabited). Indonesia has a long history of political and economic instability and has only recently begun to grow more secure in those areas. Today Indonesia is a growing tourist hotspot because of its tropical landscape in places such as Bali.Indonesias HistoryIndonesia has a long history that began with organized civilizations on the islands of Java and Sumatra. From the 7th to the 14th century, Srivijaya, a Buddhist Kingdom grew on Sumatra and at its peak it spread from West Java to the Malay Peninsula. By the 14th century, eastern Java saw the rise of the Hindu Kingdom Majapahit and its chief minister fr om 1331 to 1364, Gadjah Mada, was able to gain control of much of what is present-day Indonesia. Islam however, arrived in Indonesia in the 12th century and by the end of the 16th century, it replaced Hinduisim as the dominant religion in Java and Sumatra.In the early 1600s, the Dutch began growing large settlements on Indonesias islands and by 1602, they were in control of much of the country (except East Timor which belonged to Portugal). The Dutch then ruled Indonesia for 300 years as the Netherlands East Indies.By the early 20th century, Indonesia began a movement for independence which grew particularly large between World Wars I and II and Japan occupied Indonesia during WWII. Following Japans surrender to the Allies during the war though, a small group of Indonesians proclaimed independence for Indonesia. On August 17, 1945 this group established the Republic of Indonesia.In 1949, the new Republic of Indonesia adopted a constitution that established a parliamentary system of government. It was unsuccessful though because the executive branch of Indonesias government was to be chosen by parliament itself which was divided among various political parties. In the years following its independence, Indonesia struggled to govern itself and there were several unsuccessful rebellions beginning in 1958. In 1959, President Soekarno re-established a provisional constitution that had been written in 1945 to provide broad presidential powers and take power from the parliament. This act led to an authoritarian government termed Guided Democracy from 1959 to 1965.In the late 1960s, President Soekarno transferred his political power to General Suharto who eventually became Indonesias president in 1967. The new President Suharto established what he called the New Order to rehabilitate Indonesias economy. President Suharto controlled the country until he resigned in 1998 after years of continued civil unrest.Indonesias third president, President Habibie, then took power in 1999 and began rehabilitating Indonesias economy and restructuring the government. Since then, Indonesia has held several successful elections, its economy is growing and the count ry is becoming more stable. Government of IndonesiaToday, Indonesia is a republic with a single legislative body that is made up of the House of Representatives. The House is split into an upper body, called the Peoples Consultative Assembly, and lower bodies called the Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat and the House of Regional Representatives. The executive branch is comprised of the chief of state and the head of government- both of which are filled by the president.Indonesia is divided into 30 provinces, two special regions and one special capital city.Economics and Land Use in IndonesiaIndonesias economy is centered on agriculture and industry. The main agricultural products of Indonesia are rice, cassava, peanuts, cocoa, coffee, palm oil, copra, poultry, beef, pork and eggs. Indonesias largest industrial products include petroleum and natural gas, plywood, rubber, textiles and cement. Tourism is also a growing sector of Indonesias economy.Geography and Climate of IndonesiaThe topography of Indonesias islands varies but it consists mainly of coastal lowlands. Some of Indonesias larger islands (Sumatra and Java for example) have large interior mountains. Because the 13,677 islands that make up Indonesia are located on the two continental shelves, many of these mountains are volcanic and there are several crater lakes on the islands. Java for example has 50 active volcanoes.Because of its location, natural disasters, especially earthquakes, are common in Indonesia. On December 26, 2004 for example, a 9.1 to 9.3 magnitude earthquake struck in the Indian Ocean which triggered a large tsunami that devastated many Indonesian islands (images).Indonesias climate is tropical with hot and humid weather in lower elevations. In the highlands of Indonesias islands, temperatures are more moderate. Indonesia also has a wet season that lasts from December to March.Indonesia Facts Indonesia is the worlds fourth most populous country (behind China, India and the United States)Indonesia is the worlds largest Muslim countryLife expectancy in Indonesia is 69.6 yearsBahasa Indonesia is the countrys official language but English, Dutch and other native languages are spoken as well To learn more about Indonesia visit the Geography and maps section of this website. References Central Intelligence Agency. (2010, March 5). CIA - The World Factbook Indonesia. Retrieved from https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/id.html Infoplease. (n.d.). Indonesia: History, Geography, Government, and Culture - Infoplease.com. Retrieved from infoplease.com/ipa/A0107634.html United States Department of State. (2010, January). Indonesia (01/10). Retrieved from state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2748.htm

College Recommendation Letter Dos and Donts

College Recommendation Letter Dos and Donts Recommendation letters  provide college  admission committees  with information that may or may not be found in your application, including academic and  work achievements,  character references, and personal details that set you apart from other applicants. Essentially, a recommendation letter is a  personal reference  that explains why the school should recognize you, your achievements, and your character. Good vs. Bad Recommendation Letters A good recommendation letter is a must for any school application. During admissions, most colleges and universities- whether theyre reviewing the applications of undergraduate or graduate students- expect to see at least one, and often two or three, recommendation letters for each applicant. Just as a  good recommendation letter  can be an asset, a  bad recommendation letter  can be a hindrance. Bad letters dont do anything to supplement your application, and they may even make the difference between a well-rounded application and one that doesnt quite stand out among the droves of people who are applying to the same school. Recommendation Letter Dos Here are some dos to keep in mind when securing your recommendation letters: Do choose someone who likes you and knows you well enough to write you a strong recommendation.Do get recommendations from employers, professors, school administrators, and anyone else who is familiar with your work ethic.Do ask for the recommendation in person rather than sending an email (unless this is not possible).Do tell the letter writer why you need the recommendation letter. You dont want to end up with a work reference rather than an academic reference.Do mention specific things that you would like to see included. If you want the letter to focus on your extensive leadership experience, you should say so.Do proofread the letter; you dont want to submit a reference that is riddled with spelling or punctuation errors.  Do send a thank you note afterward. This is a nice, thoughtful, and classy touch and will be remembered by your recommender.Do keep multiple copies of the letter. You may need to use it again in the future, and you dont want to rely on your recommender to kee p a copy. Recommendation Letter Donts There are also some big mistakes you should try to avoid when securing your recommendation letters: Dont wait until the last minute. It takes time for a recommender to craft a strong letter.  Secure letters of recommendation as soon as possible.Dont ask someone to lie; you should aim for a truthful reference.Dont ever forge signatures. Your recommendation letter must be genuine.Dont choose someone only because of their title. Its more important to pick a recommender who knows you and your work well.Dont choose someone who is a poor writer. Letter writing is a lost art; not everyone is good at expressing themselves in the written word.Dont hesitate to get as many recommendation letters as possible. Choose the ones that show you in the best light.Dont be surprised if the person you are asking for a recommendation letter asks you to write a letter that they will later modify and sign. This is a common practice.Dont forget to say please and thank you. No one is entitled to a letter of recommendation; if you receive one, you should be grateful.

Toxic Water Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Toxic Water - Article Example During the last five years there have been over 500,000 violations to the Clean Water Act. The Clean Water Act was created in 1977. â€Å"The Clean Water Act (CWA) establishes the basic structure for regulating discharges of pollutants into the waters of the United States and regulating quality standards for surface waters† (Epa). The problem with the water supply in many parts of the United States is a major health epidemic that must be dealt with. The biggest loser right now of the issues associated with the polluted water in many regions of the United States is the consumer. The toxic water is causing serious illnesses including cancer, liver damage, and damage to the nervous system. The reason the water is causing these diseases is because the water has high concentrations of toxins and chemicals such as arsenic, barium, lead, manganese within the water. The problem was not caused by forces of nature, it is man made. Many large corporations are violating the Clean Water Ac t by improper disposing of chemical waste which is reaching our rivers, lagoons, and lakes. The economic consequences of this problem are scary. The incidence of cancer could increase significantly if corrections are not taken to deal with the issue. Clay Massey, a six year old kid, suffer from scabs in his arms, chest, and legs that were caused by the toxic water in his region. The economic problems that the toxic water is causing are huge because thousands if not millions of Americans are getting sick due to low quality water. The healthcare system in America is already suffering from inflationary forces. The toxic water epidemic will further cause higher inflation as more people begin to get sick from the polluted water. The quality of life of many Americans is going down as they are been forced to purchase bottle gallons of water. A gallon of purified water cost around $1 and each person is supposed to consume a minimum of one gallon per day. A family of five people would have t o spend at least $150 dollars a month just on bottled water to meet their minimal water consumption needs. One of the problems with the controversy is that there is no absolute certainty that the polluted water is causing cancer since the real factors or variables that cause cancer are unknown, but in regards to dental care it has been proven that the toxic water is deteriorating the teeth and its enamel. The U.S. water utilities companies can reach market efficiency only if they provide a quality product that people are satisfied with. Many Americans do not understand how is it possible that the United States which one of the richest countries in the world with a gross domestic product per capita of $46,300 could be facing so many problems with its water supply in so many locations in America (CultureGrams). Many corporations are violating EPA regulation including the Clean Water Act by failing to report emission dumping toxins in the earth’s ecosystem. The Clean Water Act s trictly limits and monitors 91 chemicals or contaminants in tap water. Many states are arguing that they need more funding from the federal government to deal with the problem of water contamination. This is a very serious issue because people are getting sick from drinking tap water and in some cases the pollution is so severe that exposure to water during showers is causing allergic reactions in the skin of humans. The United States Congress and President

The impact of culture on entrepreneurial management Essay

The impact of culture on entrepreneurial management - Essay Example Hofstede defines culture as â€Å"the collective programming of the mind, which distinguishes the members of one human group from another†¦. Culture, in this sense, includes systems of values; and values are among the building blocks of culture† (Hofstede & Hofstede, 2005). Culture is learned and not inherited. Individuals are born into and shaped by that culture which has been existing. This culture influences the way we think, behave and act. Culture can be referred as the acquired knowledge that people use to interpret experience and to generate social behaviour (Rugman & Hodgetts, 2002). Cultural differences can be found at the regional, national, ethnic, and organizational levels. Hence, Hofstede (1991) suggested that cultural influences on organizations "are most clearly recognizable at the national level" (cited by Justin, 2002). This has been the most widely accepted definition of culture and this essay will determine the impact of culture on indigenous entreprene urs, immigrant entrepreneurs and women entrepreneurs. Culture influences attitudes and behavior, varies within and across nations and within and across ethnicities, and is strongly embedded in indigenous communities. (Lindsay, 2005). Culture influences the motives, values, and beliefs of individuals (Hayton, George, & Zahra, 2002) that reflects on their attitudes. In term of business, people would view and conduct their business differently according to their attitude, which is derived from their own culture. â€Å"If we learn anything from the history of economic development, it is culture makes all difference† (Landes, 1998). Maznevski et al., (2002) state that culture is a group-level phenomenon, but it influences individuals’ perception, values and behaviour, especially with respect to social interaction. It is thus evident that culture is an important factor of economic success. Culture is a big influence

Comparing Of The Presidencies Of Obama And Bush Politics Essay

Comparing Of The Presidencies Of Obama And Bush Politics Essay The founding of the American nation was largely dependent on the opinions of two groups of people based on their views and opinions regarding the constitution at the time. It was age whereby the citizens of America had just begun to recover from the effect of civil war and the constitution was a largely debated area as each group of people had interests in it. The two groups of people now referred to as federalists and anti-federalists wanted each of their concerns to be noted and certain parts of the constitution, which in their opinion was not fair, amended. Thus the two groups formed the basis of the two major political parties in the United States, The Republicans and The Democrats. This paper therefore shall compare the presidencies of two presidents, President elect Barrack Obama and his predecessor George W. Bush. It shall analyze their actions while in office, both economic and domestic, their effects and try to make comparisons with the views of the founding federalists and anti-federalists. Furthermore, it shall try to conclude which president fits into which mold; whether they are anti-federalists or federalists. George W. Bush ran for presidency in the year 2000 and termed himself a passionate conservative. With reference to foreign policy he heavily criticized the actions of Al Gore in sending U.S troops for peace-keeping missions that he deemed were not vital to national interest. However, at the same time he was pushing for more funding for the Pentagon and was seen calling for more action and tougher posture against  ¿Ã‚ ½rogue ¿Ã‚ ½ countries such as Iraq and North Korea. One of the goals in the bush presidency was to accelerate progress on deregulating industry and implementing tax reductions in an attempt to weaken the federal government thus strengthening the conservative agenda. The administration relied on executive authority to relax the workplace as well as the environmental regulations. Bush sought to weaken the fiscal, standing of the Treasury and to roll back those areas of the government that were most vulnerable politically. The effect of this was powerful as the tax cuts distributed government benefits to Americans, rich and wealthy, which constituted a core part of the Republican coalition. Bush reflected in his practices the policies used by former republican presidents, Richard Nixon and Ronald Reagan. The policies involved placing politically motivated administrators with vested interests in important positions. These administrators were unsympathetic to the programs they managed and thus were ruthless when doing their work. An effect of this was a range of new advisory bodies developed around the presidency, many of which complemented the main cabinet departments, with the cabinet declining in influence. The National Security Council and the Office of Management and Budget are prime examples. The attacks on the World Trade Centre on September 11 2001 offered Bush an opportunity to establish his political credibility, to reassert presidential leadership and to defend the interests of the United States. Through the event of the United States bombing in 9/11, Bush pushed aggressively for the use of executive-centered national security programs. Such programs involved the expansion of interrogation techniques including torture, which broke the national precedent and ignored international laws on detainee treatment. After the 9/11 event Bush announced an all-out war on terrorism and ordered the invasion of Iraq and Afghanistan. As the United States entered recession in 2007, the bush administration through the enactment of several economic programs took a more direct control of the United States economy in an attempt to preserve the country ¿Ã‚ ½s financial system. These policies included among others implementing a 170 billion economic stimulus package which aimed at sending tax rebate checks to Americans and providing tax breaks for struggling businesses. However, the policies were ill-equipped to deal with the looming financial crisis in what is termed to be the longest recession after World War 2 in history. The Presidency of Barrack Obama Obama, within his first 100 days set up to gather up support for his economic stimulus package otherwise known as the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009. He further put through Congress the expanded State Health Insurance program. Furthermore, his administration was able to put into law the Ledbetter law which requires equal pay for women in all sectors. The obama administration is also credited with legislating health care reforms. This was done through winning the approval of the congress on a budget resolution regarding the matter. In his campaign and since Obama has heavily criticized the bush administration for ignoring the situation there and focusing too much on Iraq. At the onset of his campaign, Obama promised to withdraw all United States troops from Iraq, within 16 months, though he has laxed on this view, his actions seem to be more anti-war and catious. Analysts have commented that Obama ¿Ã‚ ½s view on United States emphasis being on Afghanistan as a politically correct stand on the issue. Moreover, the Obama administration broke supported the United Nations declaration on sexual orientation and gender identity and relaxed the enforcement on marijuana laws. It also lifted the ban on embryonic stem research put in place since the Bush administration. Obama also ordered the closure of the Guatanamo bay detention camp in Cuba which was notorious for the infringement of human and detainee rights. Comparison of the two presidents with the federalists and anti-federalists views When comparing the presidencies of the Bush and Obama administrations against the federalists and anti-federalist views it is important to consider what these people based their views on. The Anti-federalists were of the opinion, at the time of founding, that Congress and the executive b ranch of the government wielded too much power. They were also of the opinion that vthe constitution gave too much national power at the expense of the state governments. Additionally they were displeased by the lack of a bill of human rights within the constitution. The federalists, on the other hand responded that the separation of powers into three independent branches protected the rights of the people. Each branch was in fact representing a different aspect of the people and as all three were equal, there was fair say among all the branches and thus equity among the people. With this perspective in mind, we can now compare the two presidents. Former president Bush was largely conservative and this was evident through the socio-economic problems that his administration ¿Ã‚ ½s actions caused. Thus it can be seen that he would largely fit in with the anti-federalist group. Furthermore, his actions to weaken the federal government so as to strengthen the conservative side of the government wing show that he is more anti-federalist than a federalist. President Obama, however, would more fit in with the federalist group. His actions largely bordering on developing policies that benefit all Americans equally show a federalist nature. His call to strengthen the federal government and his actions of abandoning the Bush administration policies further reinforce this fact. Though it can be seen that through his action, President Obama is setting into the mold of a federalist it is still too young in his presidential term to conclude on the issue. Conclusion Though neither president exactly fits into the mould of either federalists or anti-federalists, it can be summarized that through their actions during their term of presidency, George. W. Bush was more of an anti-federalist and President elect Barrack Obama more of a federalist.

Security Manager †Working with and leading people

Task 1: Teamwork mini project The teamwork mini project demonstrates its main target to discuss the role play of a selection day at St Patrick’s College. The conduct of this role play is done by a team of three students. The job title introduced for this selection day is the post of a security manager.One of the most important responsibilities of a security manager is to monitor the security operations in the college environment. A security manager is usually responsible for maintaining and implementing of a wide range of security policies, rules and regulations. It is important to ensure that the college environment is safe for students, college staff and visitors. Another significant responsibility of a security manager is related to recruiting new security staff and delegating specific tasks. The security manager should be able to keep track of various events as well as create emergency response plans. It is also significant to conduct regular security evaluations. There are two main roles typical to a security manager: managerial role and administrative role. In terms of demonstrating his managerial role, a security manager is expected to supervise security team on issues related to sickness and absence. Other important aspects of the managerial role of a security manager include coordination of all contacts with the emergency service providers in case a serious incident occurs; contacting external contractors regarding fire system and access to security systems; and ensuring safety of the entire building at all times. In relation to the administrative role, a security manager should carry out and record daily security checks in an appropriate manner as well as manage staffing levels including rotas. Reports of daily activities and problems with equipment, property and theft issues have been identified. The duties and responsibilities of a security manager are provided below: Monitor security junior staff to patrol college premises and detect signs of intrusions and ensure security doors, windows and gates are secured; Answer alarm bells and assigns officers to investigate disturbances and also to present a list of potential problems; Ensure that the fire call points, intruder alarms, emergency lighting are tested weekly and results recorded; Ensure security alarms are set and working correctly as well as gas and electrical appliances are turned off at the end of the day; Monitor and authorise entrance and departure of students and staff, visitors and other persons to guard against theft and to maintain security of premises; Coordinate with the reception staff and provide support and cover as required; Coordinate with facility management on health and safety matters; Liaise with the borough security and supersee the transfer of any accused person to the custody of the local law enforcement personnel; Act as the main key holder for the college on all call outs and liaise with other emergency services In terms of person specification, the following aspects have been outlined: EssentialDesirable Education and qualificationHigh diploma level (HND); Bachelor’s degree in business management/ managing people; Bachelor’s degree in security management; Complete senior management security programme; Hold a recognised training certificateDegree in criminal justice/ public administration Experience and knowledgeCandidate must be 21 years and over; One year post degree; Work with security systems including CCTV and access control and producers to promote effective security operations for the protection of assets, people and data; Knowledge of CCTV codes of practice, data protection act, British standard 7499; Static guarding and mobile patrol; Experience of managing teams; Knowledge of fire safety and health and safe procedures in the workplace; Knowledge of the equality act and its relevance to the collegeWork with the police force, national guard, voluntary service; Work at an operational management level delivering security service ideally with stu dents and within a high large profile; 2 years in security force Task 3: Self-reflection Having taken part in the project at St Patrick’s College, related to a selection day, I have had an experience which has given me an exciting opportunity to experience an active process of building strong leadership skills. Teamwork usually involves various individuals and groups working together to optimise their efficiency and reach common goals, as in the case with the project performed in St Patrick’s College (Sohmen, 2013). The benefits of team working on this project are numerous. First, teamwork leads to improved morale because team members learn to take sufficient responsibility for their actions, which may result in a significant improvement of the entire project. It is important that individuals gain authority and ownership over the project (Reevy, Chamberlain and Stein2013). A second benefit of team working on the project relates to greater flexibility. This means that people have an opportunity to become more flexible as result of working together on a project. They may also solve certain problems in an efficient manner considering that they unite their efforts to achieve common objectives (Sohmen, 2013). Another benefit associated with teamwork is that of increased innovation. Every team member can share important insights into developing the project successfully. Innovation is linked with creativity, implying that team members can demonstrate solid creative skills when providing suggestions to the project (Pacios and de la Fuente, 2013). As indicated in research, teamwork contributes to increased levels of motivation, which in turn positively affects one’s creativity. My role as leader and member of the team has developed due to my active participation in the project. Conflicts and difficulties are an inevitable part of any project, including the one at St Patrick’s College, but I have been determined to solve any challenges. I have demonstrated the skills of listening to others and considering their point of view regarding important stages of the completion of the project (Reevy, Chamberlain and Stein, 2013). Research places importance on the development of empathic skills, which are important in the process of bringing a project to successful completion (Tiffan, 2014). My role as team leader in managing conflicts has mostly involved the adoption of preventative strategies focused on the idea of preventing or minimising conflicts. As a result, I have contributed to the development of ground rules for the project at its beginning, as research also considers the relevance of systematic preparation in projects (Tiffan, 2014). Moreover, I have succeeded in developing a team agreement on the precise way in which the group could resolve any problems that may appear. Another strategy is to present details on the critical resolution process in which every team member is assigned specific roles. My role as leader and member of the team also included a solid focus on reactive strategies. In other words, I have thoroughly considered my responsibility to enhance the resolution of conflicts pertaining to the project (Sohmen, 2013). For instance, I implemented a form of authoritarian approach by informing the group about the scope of the resolution. Such strategy was more formal in the sense of adhering to strict rules of project communication. As an example, I directly informed the group that the major goal of the project is to focus on recruitment strategies used in the selection of employees. This fostered a sense of enhanced teamwork based on the urgency to resolve any conflicts and difficulties as quickly as possible. However, I also included a process of flexible discussion while trying to find solutions to conflicts (Tiffan, 2014). As a whole, the effectiveness of the team in achieving the projects goals was adequate. The team members were skilled and motivated to bring the project to a successful end. In addition, the group ensured that they had complementary skills (Stupans, 2013). They were able to relate to one another in terms of technical proficiencies. The aspect of mutual accountability was present at all stages of the project. They were all responsible for the creation of a strong culture of responsibility. Each team member illustrated the presence of clearly defined roles and responsibilities (Tiffan, 2014). As part of the process of achieving the project’s goals, productivity of team members has been properly recognized and rewarded. In addition, the effectiveness of the team reflected the regular tracking of individual and group progress. In case the team members exhibited any signs of struggling with completing the project, the team has been always ready to provide support and guidance which previous research has found to be important (Sohmen, 2013). The team was able to create a positive pressure to achieve the initially projected goals. Such goals have emerged in an attempt to guide the important decisions made by team members. This shows that the team has maintained a focus on the project’s mission related to the selection of a professional to work at St Patrick’s College (Stupans, 2013). The aspect of collective responsibility has been dominant in guiding the team working while completing the project of St Patrick’s College. My role within the team especially during the selection process was quite flexible because I had an opportunity to explore various aspects of that particular process. What I have done well was to outline briefly the personal qualities required for the position of a security manager/supervisor (Adams, Cain and Giraud, 2012). I demonstrated a proper knowledge of the job role as well as presented specific skills in organising important job roles and responsibilities. Moreover, I illustrated adequate communication and teamwork skills that have contributed to the successful completion of the project. I was able to work with culturally diverse individuals and lead them accordingly (Sohmen, 2013). However, I could have done better in improving my knowledge of specific aspects of security policies, rules and regulations pertaining to the job position. I could have taken my time to explore each of these aspects in detail in order to provide a better understanding of the specificity of the profession, which could have helped me focus on selecting the right candidates (Adams et al., 2012). Although I believe I have good skills in assessing people’s potential in a particular field, I need to do more research on this topic to improve my own capacity of working with and leading culturally diverse individuals (Tiffan, 2014). I could have also improved my cultural awareness considering the highly diverse workforce of the educational institution. In conclusion, this task has been completed successfully because of the focus on teamwork at all stage of the process. Task 4: Discussion of the main financial statements of a company There are three key components involved in the financial statements of a company, which are a profit and loss statement, balance sheet, and cash flow statement. All the key components are used as a whole, to provide a clear picture of the financial position and financial results of a company (Parker, 2009). A structure designed for each of the financial statements is considered the most important element, though the influential decision depends on the requirements of the user. The key point supporting the importance of the profit and loss statement is that it is one of the most important financial statements and users like to observe the financial statements of a company, since it has the capability to help users or businesses generate profit by examining the over financial report (Buffett and Clark, 2008). In addition, the information inserted in the profit/loss statement is mostly released in the applicable currency, so it can provide a reasonable level of accuracy. Though, profit/ loss does not show the amount of assets and liabilities required by a company to generate a profit (Parker, 2009). Moreover, its financial results are not necessarily associated with the total cash flows generated by a company. The accuracy of this statement can be suspected when the cash basic of the accounting method is used. It is important to focus on ensuring accuracy as part of the broad purpose of accounting. Thus, the profit/loss statement, when utilised, can be fairly misleading. Balance sheet is expected to be positioned at a second place by many users, since it does not provide the financial results of business operations, and some of the information provided in it may be based on past business costs (Kalsyte and Verikas, 2013). This makes the balance sheet report less instructive or informative. However, the balance sheet is considered to have importance when compared with the profit/loss statement, since this sheet provides the amount of investment requirement to maintain the sales and profits shown on the profit/loss statement (Buffett and Clark, 2008). The third most important component of financial statement is cash flow, because it mainly focuses on recording cash inflows and outflows (Parker, 2009). This financial report provides a clearer analysis of a company’s cash flows than the profit/loss statement, which can sometimes present unbiased results, particularly when accruals are authorised under the growth basis of accounting (Palea, 2014). It is essential to understand the concept of the balance sheet, as it provides a company’s financial situation at any period of time, while a profit/loss statement provides a company’s overall financial performance within a set period of time. The profit/loss statement normally shows a company’s financial performance over a period, such as being released every year or after six months (Parker, 2009). On the other hand, the balance sheet gives a snap shot of the financial position accurately at the year-end or month-end. Finance managers rely on the balance sheet statements to examine whether purchasing certain equipment on debt is the right choice for a company at that time (Palea, 2014). The balance sheet also provides the owner’s equity; for instance, it indicates the total value of the inventory and the number of a company’s shares identified as outstanding. The profit/loss statement is one of the most important documents because it plays a significant role in a company’s decision making process. The profit/loss statement is an end result of the financial information that is provided in the journals and ledgers, and then changed into brief, summarised, compiled revenue and expense structures (Bao, Li, Wu, Zhu et al., 2014). This statement shows the overall revenues and expenses of a company for a set period of time. Senior managers and shareholders can find prosperity of valuable information on the profit/loss statement including the company’s overall sales, profits, retained earnings, net profits, and operating earnings. From this information, finance experts can determine and distinguish vital information about a company’s performance. Profit/loss statements usually give information for more than one period, for example two successive years (Buffett and Clark, 2008). It is simple to compare the financial results fr om one period to the next and conclude trends in earnings and expenditures. Whereas, cash flow statement is considered to be the most crucial element for any enterprise’s financial performance. It calculates the amount of capital that enters into a company and out of it over a specified time period. In this way, an enterprise is able to analyse and control how much capital it has in inflow to pay expenses and purchase assets. There is a difference existing in the structure of financial statements (profit/loss statement and balance sheet) for different types of business, such as sole trader, partnership and private/public limited company. Each company has different financial and economical positions so they use different financial statements with different structures that satisfy their financial positions (Bao et al., 2014). The financial statements gather the financial information from the sales and services provided and include the net taxable profit or loss for each month. Different types of business use different structures. For a sole proprietor, the financial statement is easy and simple because the financial report is just provided for the proprietor of the company. This means that it does not have to provide any balance sheet and profit/loss statement (Parker, 2009). The report just needs to provide or to show profit and loss financial information, whereas a private limited and public limited comp any, which has to organise its’ report based on accounting standards. There are two types mostly used by companies: international financial reporting standard (IFRS) and generally accepted accounting principle (GAAP). If financial statements are not structured based on standards it is complicated to evaluate and compare performance with that of other companies. For a partnership, the financial structure is focused on providing the profit/dividend and total contribution by partners in the investment capital of a company (Ronen, 2006). The objective of the financial statement is revealed in the balance sheet, profit/loss, cash flow and loss statement. When creating financial statements, the profit/loss statement would typically be structured first because the net profit or loss becomes a part of the statement in the balance sheet, or in a partners’ capital. Moreover, the end of a partner’s capital statement becomes a part of the balance sheet (Parker, 2009). The financial statement is focused on examining the total capital and profits of a company that are distributed inside its structure. For a public and private limited company, the financial statement must provide the following components: current assets, non-current assets, current liabilities, total sales, total profits, payable, dividends, and share prices (Ronen, 2006). References Adams, B. L., Cain, H. R. and Giraud, V. (2012). ‘Leadership, Motivation, and Teamwork Behaviors of Principal Investigator’s in Interdisciplinary Teams: A Synthesis of Research’. Journal of Leadership Education, vol. 11(2), pp. 176-191.Bao, C., Li, J., Wu, D., Zhu, X., Liang, C. and Liu, C. (2014). ‘Optimization of Integrated Risk in Commercial Banking Based on Financial Statements’. Procedia Computer Science, vol. 31, pp. 501-510.Buffett, M. and Clark, D. (2008). Warren Buffett and the Interpretation of Financial Statements: The Search for the Company with a Durable Competitive Advantage. New York: Scribner. Kalsyte, Z. And Verikas, A. (2013). ‘A Novel Approach to Exploring Company’s Financial Soundness: Investor’s Perspective’. Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 40(13), pp. 5085-5092. Pacios, A. R. and de la Fuente, G. (2013). ‘Teamwork and Leadership in a Virtual Learning Environment’. RUSC: Revista de Universidad y Sociedad del Conocimiento, vol. 10(2), pp. 358-374. Palea, V. (2014). ‘Are IFRS Value-Relevant for Separate Financial StatementsEvidence from the Italian Stock Market’. Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation, vol. 23(1), pp. 1-17. Parker, R. H. (2009). Understanding Company Financial Statements. New York: Penguin Books. Reevy, G. M., Chamberlain, C. J. and Stein, J. (2013). ‘Identifying Collaboration, Teamwork, and Leadership Practices on Campus’. Currents in Teaching & Learning, vol. 6(1), pp. 4-17. Ronen, J. (2006). ‘A Proposed Corporate Governance Reform: Financial Statements Insurance’. Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, vol. 23, pp. 130-146. Sohmen, V. S. (2013). ‘Leadership and Teamwork: Two Sides of the Same Coin’. Journal of Information Technology & Economic Development, vol. 4(2), pp. 1-18. Stupans, I. (2013). ‘Development of Contemporary Leadership Capacity through Teamwork in an Online Environment: A Pilot Study’. International Journal of Teaching & Learning in Higher Education, vol. 25(2), pp. 262-268. Tiffan, B. (2014). ‘The Art of Team Leadership’. Journal of Health-System Pharmacy, vol. 15, pp. 799-801.

Essay about The Odyssey, by Homer - 1283 Words

The monsters of Homer’s The Odyssey as written by Robert Fitzgerald all share traits in common, but there is always the small differences which make each close encounter more gripping than the last. When the not-so-glorious Odysseus, son of Laertes just manages to elude the cannibalistic clutches of the blinded Kyklops (IX) and takes to the high seas, he becomes arrogant and taunts his nemesis. He does not realize this, but the very words he uttered then sets the holy executioner upon the necks of his crew. Every island he passes or makes port at, his men become feasts for native monsters; however upon the beautiful island of Aiolia his men are not eaten, nor do they die at the hands of any mortal or immortal foe. What is so significant†¦show more content†¦By definition, cannibals are brutes, cruel and uncivil who carelessly eat their own kind or man, which is also the description of â€Å"†¦ Kyklopes,/giants, louts, without a law to bless them.† (IX. 113 -4). Kirke made men into pigs, and displayed her power or dominance, by herding them into a pigsty, â€Å"she flew after them/ with her long stick and shut them in a pigsty† (X. 263-4). She will not kill and eat the mariners raw as men like the cannibalistic Kyklopes would, but only (presumably) when they were no longer man thus they are now pigs). Upon the surface, this transformation appears to be an act of mercy towards the men, however when the men are described to have minds, â€Å"†¦ unchanged†, it appears to be less for mercy (X. 265). Her actions have revealed her to be a cruel and cannibalistic witch, but she maintains her civility and heavenly innocence because it is in her nature to live both lives. Just as a Kyklops is wild and uncivil, Kirke is tame and civil. Though through their similar habits and cruelty they are close, their differences in action and behavior draw them even closer. When Odysseus faces the mighty Kyklops, he fights as though he w ere battling his inner evil or wild olive tree. Kyklops and Kirke may exist like polar ends of a magnet, their similarities holding them together while their differences push them apart. They exist in their trueShow MoreRelatedThe Odyssey by Homer1210 Words   |  5 Pages Homer’s â€Å"The Odyssey† takes place ten years after the events in â€Å"The Iliad†, to which the Odyssey is an indirect sequel, and the fall of Troy; even though the story is believed to have been composed some time during the eight century B.C.E. it is estimated to be set sometime between 1300 and 1000 B.C.E. in Mycenaean Greece during the Bronze age. In this novel all Greek heroes have returned home after the fall of Troy, except for Odysseus who after a three year journey has been held captive by theRead MoreThe Odyssey, By Homer1388 Words   |  6 PagesIs a hero only characterized by their success? If a leader’s last actions carry them to victory, are their flaws unimportant? The Odyssey by Homer narrates the ancient myth of a leader coming home from war in Troy who faces many trials, and despite returning home alone without any of his crew, he is looked upon as a hero for having survived. His ultimately sole success continues to define him, although the bitter truth being that he was the leader of his men when they all perished. As flaws of theRead MoreThe Odyssey By The Homer1976 Words   |  8 PagesThe Odyssey is known as one of the greatest western literature in the world. The book covers many details of the relationship between Gods and humans. The author focuses on Odyssey honor, honesty, bravery, creativity, and nobility. Though the Odyssey has received many criticisms compare to the author other best work such as The Iliad, it has also been praised for its sophistication, complexity and thematic consistency. The book talks about Odysseus journey home to find his son and wife. It also talksRead MoreThe Odyssey by Homer1316 Words   |  6 Pages the time’s culture appropriately. This has been a necessary course of action, to ensure their writing conveys the quest and its respective elements in a manner that will be understood by the responder in the relevant time period. The texts ‘The Odyssey (Homer 8th Century BC), In the Shadow of No Towers (Art Spiegelman 2004) and The Picture of Dorian Gray (Oscar Wilde 1890) have appropriated the archetypal quest in their respective time periods to reflect the values of their context. â€Å"The hero venturesRead MoreThe Odyssey, By Homer990 Words   |  4 Pages The Odyssey, written by Homer, is an epic poem that follows the victorious footsteps of Odysseus, a Greek hero, as he begins his journey to return home to Ithaca. The poem takes place between 750 and 650 B.C. in Greece, shortly after the Trojan War between the city of Troy and King of Sparta. Athena, daughter of Zeus and the goddess of wisdom, is a character that appears in disguise throughout the whole story. She controls when to disguise herself and when to make herself known; essentially havingRead MoreThe Odyssey by Homer1172 Words   |  5 Pages Homer’s, The Odyssey spins an exciting tale of war, fantasy, and magic spanning twenty years. However, the thrust of the story focuses on human relationships and Odysseus’s strong desire to reunite with his wife and soul mate, Penelope and their son Telemachus. However, to truly understand his desire return home, one must examine many facets of the epic. What is the significance of the turmoil experienced in the househol d during his absence? Is Penelope a cunning equal and meet spouse for OdysseusRead MoreThe Odyssey By Homer1337 Words   |  6 PagesTaylor Michael CLAS342 Paper #2 November 28, 2014 The Odyssey is a work by Homer, written to take place ten years after the fall of Troy. In the Iliad Odysseus was not a crucial character, but this particular text follows him around and details his experience after the war. To give some background, He has yet to return to Ithaca in the beginning of the text, away from his wife now for the duration of the battles as well as these ten years following. While he was gone, his palace was overthrown byRead MoreThe Odyssey, By Homer Essay1679 Words   |  7 PagesThe Odyssey, a text written by Homer, originates from Ionia (a part of Asia Minor). This epic poem relates the journeys of both Odysseus and Telemachus. During their journeys, they encounter a wide variety of hosts. Telemachus provides Mentes a great meal and is later also given a feast from King Nestor. In addition, King Nestor also gifted Telemachus two horses and a chariot; Athena gave Telemachus the gift of wise advice, for which he used to go on his journey. And as their pat hs crossed in a meetingRead MoreThe Odyssey by Homer1275 Words   |  5 Pages The Odyssey is one of the two epic Greek poems attributed to Homer. The Odyssey is the sequel of The Iliad and mainly focuses on Odysseus’s return from the battle of Troy to his home, Ithaca. Odysseus’s travels take him beyond the realm of the known world and he encounters many mythological beings, which he has never met before. Every encounter with these creatures in The Odyssey is full of adventures, twists and most important of all, life lessons. If we assume Odysseus’s longRead MoreThe Odyssey By Homer829 Words   |  4 PagesThe Odyssey by Homer tells the story of a Greek warrior named Odysseus, who faces challenges placed upon him by the supernatural, or more specifically, the Greek gods and monsters. His journey begins while sailing home from Troy, where Odysseus had won the Trojan war for the Greeks. Odysseus’ ship is forced to dock on many islands, m ost of which have hostile environments. Odysseus serves as the model for an epic hero, a fictional character who possesses many traits admirable to his or her society

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd ) - 1513 Words

America has participated in many wars since her birth as a nation. She has been known as a war machine, and the country thrives economically during these periods. The aftermath of war has affected each individual differently. Post-traumatic stress disorder is nothing new, yet it is now finally known as a condition that may not be treatable, however some has developed ways of managing it. Veterans from the Vietnam and Iraq/Afghanistan conflicts are in the spotlight now for suffering with this condition. Are the Vietnam Veterans offered the same care as the recent combat Veterans of Iraq and Afghanistan, and does the timing of when PTSD interventions take place determine the outcome of the soldier? The conflict in Vietnam was a different war†¦show more content†¦To understand each individual soldier’s PTSD diagnosis, we must examine the war theater they were in. For the Vietnam veteran the public support they encountered was that of violent negativism. The combat front line consisted of little sleep, ragging gun fights that went on for hours or days, and facing the challenge of the racial war between the ranks. They did not have the modern convinces of calling home, e-mailing, or skyping home on a daily basis. Their mindset was shut off from the world of home they left behind, and focused on the war they found themselves in. Also, many lives were lost during Vietnam, and some soldiers did not go out of their way to say hello to a new soldier that was replacing one that died since they to would probably be gone in a day or so (West, 2014). When those that survived the combat battles of war finally came home the only PTSD help they received was that through family, friends, and other soldiers. This could be since the American Psychiatric Association (APA) released a second edition of their manual Diagnostic and Statistical Manual Disorders (DSM-II) that eliminated PTSD as a diagnosis. However, in the first released edition it was considered a diagno sis, however it would be cured in 6 months’ time, or a different diagnosis would be needed (Friedman, 2015). For the current combat Veteran, the experience of war was a vast difference. For