Comparing Of The Presidencies Of Obama And Bush Politics Essay

Comparing Of The Presidencies Of Obama And Bush Politics Essay The founding of the American nation was largely dependent on the opinions of two groups of people based on their views and opinions regarding the constitution at the time. It was age whereby the citizens of America had just begun to recover from the effect of civil war and the constitution was a largely debated area as each group of people had interests in it. The two groups of people now referred to as federalists and anti-federalists wanted each of their concerns to be noted and certain parts of the constitution, which in their opinion was not fair, amended. Thus the two groups formed the basis of the two major political parties in the United States, The Republicans and The Democrats. This paper therefore shall compare the presidencies of two presidents, President elect Barrack Obama and his predecessor George W. Bush. It shall analyze their actions while in office, both economic and domestic, their effects and try to make comparisons with the views of the founding federalists and anti-federalists. Furthermore, it shall try to conclude which president fits into which mold; whether they are anti-federalists or federalists. George W. Bush ran for presidency in the year 2000 and termed himself a passionate conservative. With reference to foreign policy he heavily criticized the actions of Al Gore in sending U.S troops for peace-keeping missions that he deemed were not vital to national interest. However, at the same time he was pushing for more funding for the Pentagon and was seen calling for more action and tougher posture against  ¿Ã‚ ½rogue ¿Ã‚ ½ countries such as Iraq and North Korea. One of the goals in the bush presidency was to accelerate progress on deregulating industry and implementing tax reductions in an attempt to weaken the federal government thus strengthening the conservative agenda. The administration relied on executive authority to relax the workplace as well as the environmental regulations. Bush sought to weaken the fiscal, standing of the Treasury and to roll back those areas of the government that were most vulnerable politically. The effect of this was powerful as the tax cuts distributed government benefits to Americans, rich and wealthy, which constituted a core part of the Republican coalition. Bush reflected in his practices the policies used by former republican presidents, Richard Nixon and Ronald Reagan. The policies involved placing politically motivated administrators with vested interests in important positions. These administrators were unsympathetic to the programs they managed and thus were ruthless when doing their work. An effect of this was a range of new advisory bodies developed around the presidency, many of which complemented the main cabinet departments, with the cabinet declining in influence. The National Security Council and the Office of Management and Budget are prime examples. The attacks on the World Trade Centre on September 11 2001 offered Bush an opportunity to establish his political credibility, to reassert presidential leadership and to defend the interests of the United States. Through the event of the United States bombing in 9/11, Bush pushed aggressively for the use of executive-centered national security programs. Such programs involved the expansion of interrogation techniques including torture, which broke the national precedent and ignored international laws on detainee treatment. After the 9/11 event Bush announced an all-out war on terrorism and ordered the invasion of Iraq and Afghanistan. As the United States entered recession in 2007, the bush administration through the enactment of several economic programs took a more direct control of the United States economy in an attempt to preserve the country ¿Ã‚ ½s financial system. These policies included among others implementing a 170 billion economic stimulus package which aimed at sending tax rebate checks to Americans and providing tax breaks for struggling businesses. However, the policies were ill-equipped to deal with the looming financial crisis in what is termed to be the longest recession after World War 2 in history. The Presidency of Barrack Obama Obama, within his first 100 days set up to gather up support for his economic stimulus package otherwise known as the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009. He further put through Congress the expanded State Health Insurance program. Furthermore, his administration was able to put into law the Ledbetter law which requires equal pay for women in all sectors. The obama administration is also credited with legislating health care reforms. This was done through winning the approval of the congress on a budget resolution regarding the matter. In his campaign and since Obama has heavily criticized the bush administration for ignoring the situation there and focusing too much on Iraq. At the onset of his campaign, Obama promised to withdraw all United States troops from Iraq, within 16 months, though he has laxed on this view, his actions seem to be more anti-war and catious. Analysts have commented that Obama ¿Ã‚ ½s view on United States emphasis being on Afghanistan as a politically correct stand on the issue. Moreover, the Obama administration broke supported the United Nations declaration on sexual orientation and gender identity and relaxed the enforcement on marijuana laws. It also lifted the ban on embryonic stem research put in place since the Bush administration. Obama also ordered the closure of the Guatanamo bay detention camp in Cuba which was notorious for the infringement of human and detainee rights. Comparison of the two presidents with the federalists and anti-federalists views When comparing the presidencies of the Bush and Obama administrations against the federalists and anti-federalist views it is important to consider what these people based their views on. The Anti-federalists were of the opinion, at the time of founding, that Congress and the executive b ranch of the government wielded too much power. They were also of the opinion that vthe constitution gave too much national power at the expense of the state governments. Additionally they were displeased by the lack of a bill of human rights within the constitution. The federalists, on the other hand responded that the separation of powers into three independent branches protected the rights of the people. Each branch was in fact representing a different aspect of the people and as all three were equal, there was fair say among all the branches and thus equity among the people. With this perspective in mind, we can now compare the two presidents. Former president Bush was largely conservative and this was evident through the socio-economic problems that his administration ¿Ã‚ ½s actions caused. Thus it can be seen that he would largely fit in with the anti-federalist group. Furthermore, his actions to weaken the federal government so as to strengthen the conservative side of the government wing show that he is more anti-federalist than a federalist. President Obama, however, would more fit in with the federalist group. His actions largely bordering on developing policies that benefit all Americans equally show a federalist nature. His call to strengthen the federal government and his actions of abandoning the Bush administration policies further reinforce this fact. Though it can be seen that through his action, President Obama is setting into the mold of a federalist it is still too young in his presidential term to conclude on the issue. Conclusion Though neither president exactly fits into the mould of either federalists or anti-federalists, it can be summarized that through their actions during their term of presidency, George. W. Bush was more of an anti-federalist and President elect Barrack Obama more of a federalist.

Security Manager †Working with and leading people

Task 1: Teamwork mini project The teamwork mini project demonstrates its main target to discuss the role play of a selection day at St Patrick’s College. The conduct of this role play is done by a team of three students. The job title introduced for this selection day is the post of a security manager.One of the most important responsibilities of a security manager is to monitor the security operations in the college environment. A security manager is usually responsible for maintaining and implementing of a wide range of security policies, rules and regulations. It is important to ensure that the college environment is safe for students, college staff and visitors. Another significant responsibility of a security manager is related to recruiting new security staff and delegating specific tasks. The security manager should be able to keep track of various events as well as create emergency response plans. It is also significant to conduct regular security evaluations. There are two main roles typical to a security manager: managerial role and administrative role. In terms of demonstrating his managerial role, a security manager is expected to supervise security team on issues related to sickness and absence. Other important aspects of the managerial role of a security manager include coordination of all contacts with the emergency service providers in case a serious incident occurs; contacting external contractors regarding fire system and access to security systems; and ensuring safety of the entire building at all times. In relation to the administrative role, a security manager should carry out and record daily security checks in an appropriate manner as well as manage staffing levels including rotas. Reports of daily activities and problems with equipment, property and theft issues have been identified. The duties and responsibilities of a security manager are provided below: Monitor security junior staff to patrol college premises and detect signs of intrusions and ensure security doors, windows and gates are secured; Answer alarm bells and assigns officers to investigate disturbances and also to present a list of potential problems; Ensure that the fire call points, intruder alarms, emergency lighting are tested weekly and results recorded; Ensure security alarms are set and working correctly as well as gas and electrical appliances are turned off at the end of the day; Monitor and authorise entrance and departure of students and staff, visitors and other persons to guard against theft and to maintain security of premises; Coordinate with the reception staff and provide support and cover as required; Coordinate with facility management on health and safety matters; Liaise with the borough security and supersee the transfer of any accused person to the custody of the local law enforcement personnel; Act as the main key holder for the college on all call outs and liaise with other emergency services In terms of person specification, the following aspects have been outlined: EssentialDesirable Education and qualificationHigh diploma level (HND); Bachelor’s degree in business management/ managing people; Bachelor’s degree in security management; Complete senior management security programme; Hold a recognised training certificateDegree in criminal justice/ public administration Experience and knowledgeCandidate must be 21 years and over; One year post degree; Work with security systems including CCTV and access control and producers to promote effective security operations for the protection of assets, people and data; Knowledge of CCTV codes of practice, data protection act, British standard 7499; Static guarding and mobile patrol; Experience of managing teams; Knowledge of fire safety and health and safe procedures in the workplace; Knowledge of the equality act and its relevance to the collegeWork with the police force, national guard, voluntary service; Work at an operational management level delivering security service ideally with stu dents and within a high large profile; 2 years in security force Task 3: Self-reflection Having taken part in the project at St Patrick’s College, related to a selection day, I have had an experience which has given me an exciting opportunity to experience an active process of building strong leadership skills. Teamwork usually involves various individuals and groups working together to optimise their efficiency and reach common goals, as in the case with the project performed in St Patrick’s College (Sohmen, 2013). The benefits of team working on this project are numerous. First, teamwork leads to improved morale because team members learn to take sufficient responsibility for their actions, which may result in a significant improvement of the entire project. It is important that individuals gain authority and ownership over the project (Reevy, Chamberlain and Stein2013). A second benefit of team working on the project relates to greater flexibility. This means that people have an opportunity to become more flexible as result of working together on a project. They may also solve certain problems in an efficient manner considering that they unite their efforts to achieve common objectives (Sohmen, 2013). Another benefit associated with teamwork is that of increased innovation. Every team member can share important insights into developing the project successfully. Innovation is linked with creativity, implying that team members can demonstrate solid creative skills when providing suggestions to the project (Pacios and de la Fuente, 2013). As indicated in research, teamwork contributes to increased levels of motivation, which in turn positively affects one’s creativity. My role as leader and member of the team has developed due to my active participation in the project. Conflicts and difficulties are an inevitable part of any project, including the one at St Patrick’s College, but I have been determined to solve any challenges. I have demonstrated the skills of listening to others and considering their point of view regarding important stages of the completion of the project (Reevy, Chamberlain and Stein, 2013). Research places importance on the development of empathic skills, which are important in the process of bringing a project to successful completion (Tiffan, 2014). My role as team leader in managing conflicts has mostly involved the adoption of preventative strategies focused on the idea of preventing or minimising conflicts. As a result, I have contributed to the development of ground rules for the project at its beginning, as research also considers the relevance of systematic preparation in projects (Tiffan, 2014). Moreover, I have succeeded in developing a team agreement on the precise way in which the group could resolve any problems that may appear. Another strategy is to present details on the critical resolution process in which every team member is assigned specific roles. My role as leader and member of the team also included a solid focus on reactive strategies. In other words, I have thoroughly considered my responsibility to enhance the resolution of conflicts pertaining to the project (Sohmen, 2013). For instance, I implemented a form of authoritarian approach by informing the group about the scope of the resolution. Such strategy was more formal in the sense of adhering to strict rules of project communication. As an example, I directly informed the group that the major goal of the project is to focus on recruitment strategies used in the selection of employees. This fostered a sense of enhanced teamwork based on the urgency to resolve any conflicts and difficulties as quickly as possible. However, I also included a process of flexible discussion while trying to find solutions to conflicts (Tiffan, 2014). As a whole, the effectiveness of the team in achieving the projects goals was adequate. The team members were skilled and motivated to bring the project to a successful end. In addition, the group ensured that they had complementary skills (Stupans, 2013). They were able to relate to one another in terms of technical proficiencies. The aspect of mutual accountability was present at all stages of the project. They were all responsible for the creation of a strong culture of responsibility. Each team member illustrated the presence of clearly defined roles and responsibilities (Tiffan, 2014). As part of the process of achieving the project’s goals, productivity of team members has been properly recognized and rewarded. In addition, the effectiveness of the team reflected the regular tracking of individual and group progress. In case the team members exhibited any signs of struggling with completing the project, the team has been always ready to provide support and guidance which previous research has found to be important (Sohmen, 2013). The team was able to create a positive pressure to achieve the initially projected goals. Such goals have emerged in an attempt to guide the important decisions made by team members. This shows that the team has maintained a focus on the project’s mission related to the selection of a professional to work at St Patrick’s College (Stupans, 2013). The aspect of collective responsibility has been dominant in guiding the team working while completing the project of St Patrick’s College. My role within the team especially during the selection process was quite flexible because I had an opportunity to explore various aspects of that particular process. What I have done well was to outline briefly the personal qualities required for the position of a security manager/supervisor (Adams, Cain and Giraud, 2012). I demonstrated a proper knowledge of the job role as well as presented specific skills in organising important job roles and responsibilities. Moreover, I illustrated adequate communication and teamwork skills that have contributed to the successful completion of the project. I was able to work with culturally diverse individuals and lead them accordingly (Sohmen, 2013). However, I could have done better in improving my knowledge of specific aspects of security policies, rules and regulations pertaining to the job position. I could have taken my time to explore each of these aspects in detail in order to provide a better understanding of the specificity of the profession, which could have helped me focus on selecting the right candidates (Adams et al., 2012). Although I believe I have good skills in assessing people’s potential in a particular field, I need to do more research on this topic to improve my own capacity of working with and leading culturally diverse individuals (Tiffan, 2014). I could have also improved my cultural awareness considering the highly diverse workforce of the educational institution. In conclusion, this task has been completed successfully because of the focus on teamwork at all stage of the process. Task 4: Discussion of the main financial statements of a company There are three key components involved in the financial statements of a company, which are a profit and loss statement, balance sheet, and cash flow statement. All the key components are used as a whole, to provide a clear picture of the financial position and financial results of a company (Parker, 2009). A structure designed for each of the financial statements is considered the most important element, though the influential decision depends on the requirements of the user. The key point supporting the importance of the profit and loss statement is that it is one of the most important financial statements and users like to observe the financial statements of a company, since it has the capability to help users or businesses generate profit by examining the over financial report (Buffett and Clark, 2008). In addition, the information inserted in the profit/loss statement is mostly released in the applicable currency, so it can provide a reasonable level of accuracy. Though, profit/ loss does not show the amount of assets and liabilities required by a company to generate a profit (Parker, 2009). Moreover, its financial results are not necessarily associated with the total cash flows generated by a company. The accuracy of this statement can be suspected when the cash basic of the accounting method is used. It is important to focus on ensuring accuracy as part of the broad purpose of accounting. Thus, the profit/loss statement, when utilised, can be fairly misleading. Balance sheet is expected to be positioned at a second place by many users, since it does not provide the financial results of business operations, and some of the information provided in it may be based on past business costs (Kalsyte and Verikas, 2013). This makes the balance sheet report less instructive or informative. However, the balance sheet is considered to have importance when compared with the profit/loss statement, since this sheet provides the amount of investment requirement to maintain the sales and profits shown on the profit/loss statement (Buffett and Clark, 2008). The third most important component of financial statement is cash flow, because it mainly focuses on recording cash inflows and outflows (Parker, 2009). This financial report provides a clearer analysis of a company’s cash flows than the profit/loss statement, which can sometimes present unbiased results, particularly when accruals are authorised under the growth basis of accounting (Palea, 2014). It is essential to understand the concept of the balance sheet, as it provides a company’s financial situation at any period of time, while a profit/loss statement provides a company’s overall financial performance within a set period of time. The profit/loss statement normally shows a company’s financial performance over a period, such as being released every year or after six months (Parker, 2009). On the other hand, the balance sheet gives a snap shot of the financial position accurately at the year-end or month-end. Finance managers rely on the balance sheet statements to examine whether purchasing certain equipment on debt is the right choice for a company at that time (Palea, 2014). The balance sheet also provides the owner’s equity; for instance, it indicates the total value of the inventory and the number of a company’s shares identified as outstanding. The profit/loss statement is one of the most important documents because it plays a significant role in a company’s decision making process. The profit/loss statement is an end result of the financial information that is provided in the journals and ledgers, and then changed into brief, summarised, compiled revenue and expense structures (Bao, Li, Wu, Zhu et al., 2014). This statement shows the overall revenues and expenses of a company for a set period of time. Senior managers and shareholders can find prosperity of valuable information on the profit/loss statement including the company’s overall sales, profits, retained earnings, net profits, and operating earnings. From this information, finance experts can determine and distinguish vital information about a company’s performance. Profit/loss statements usually give information for more than one period, for example two successive years (Buffett and Clark, 2008). It is simple to compare the financial results fr om one period to the next and conclude trends in earnings and expenditures. Whereas, cash flow statement is considered to be the most crucial element for any enterprise’s financial performance. It calculates the amount of capital that enters into a company and out of it over a specified time period. In this way, an enterprise is able to analyse and control how much capital it has in inflow to pay expenses and purchase assets. There is a difference existing in the structure of financial statements (profit/loss statement and balance sheet) for different types of business, such as sole trader, partnership and private/public limited company. Each company has different financial and economical positions so they use different financial statements with different structures that satisfy their financial positions (Bao et al., 2014). The financial statements gather the financial information from the sales and services provided and include the net taxable profit or loss for each month. Different types of business use different structures. For a sole proprietor, the financial statement is easy and simple because the financial report is just provided for the proprietor of the company. This means that it does not have to provide any balance sheet and profit/loss statement (Parker, 2009). The report just needs to provide or to show profit and loss financial information, whereas a private limited and public limited comp any, which has to organise its’ report based on accounting standards. There are two types mostly used by companies: international financial reporting standard (IFRS) and generally accepted accounting principle (GAAP). If financial statements are not structured based on standards it is complicated to evaluate and compare performance with that of other companies. For a partnership, the financial structure is focused on providing the profit/dividend and total contribution by partners in the investment capital of a company (Ronen, 2006). The objective of the financial statement is revealed in the balance sheet, profit/loss, cash flow and loss statement. When creating financial statements, the profit/loss statement would typically be structured first because the net profit or loss becomes a part of the statement in the balance sheet, or in a partners’ capital. Moreover, the end of a partner’s capital statement becomes a part of the balance sheet (Parker, 2009). The financial statement is focused on examining the total capital and profits of a company that are distributed inside its structure. For a public and private limited company, the financial statement must provide the following components: current assets, non-current assets, current liabilities, total sales, total profits, payable, dividends, and share prices (Ronen, 2006). References Adams, B. L., Cain, H. R. and Giraud, V. (2012). ‘Leadership, Motivation, and Teamwork Behaviors of Principal Investigator’s in Interdisciplinary Teams: A Synthesis of Research’. Journal of Leadership Education, vol. 11(2), pp. 176-191.Bao, C., Li, J., Wu, D., Zhu, X., Liang, C. and Liu, C. (2014). ‘Optimization of Integrated Risk in Commercial Banking Based on Financial Statements’. Procedia Computer Science, vol. 31, pp. 501-510.Buffett, M. and Clark, D. (2008). Warren Buffett and the Interpretation of Financial Statements: The Search for the Company with a Durable Competitive Advantage. New York: Scribner. Kalsyte, Z. And Verikas, A. (2013). ‘A Novel Approach to Exploring Company’s Financial Soundness: Investor’s Perspective’. Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 40(13), pp. 5085-5092. Pacios, A. R. and de la Fuente, G. (2013). ‘Teamwork and Leadership in a Virtual Learning Environment’. RUSC: Revista de Universidad y Sociedad del Conocimiento, vol. 10(2), pp. 358-374. Palea, V. (2014). ‘Are IFRS Value-Relevant for Separate Financial StatementsEvidence from the Italian Stock Market’. Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation, vol. 23(1), pp. 1-17. Parker, R. H. (2009). Understanding Company Financial Statements. New York: Penguin Books. Reevy, G. M., Chamberlain, C. J. and Stein, J. (2013). ‘Identifying Collaboration, Teamwork, and Leadership Practices on Campus’. Currents in Teaching & Learning, vol. 6(1), pp. 4-17. Ronen, J. (2006). ‘A Proposed Corporate Governance Reform: Financial Statements Insurance’. Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, vol. 23, pp. 130-146. Sohmen, V. S. (2013). ‘Leadership and Teamwork: Two Sides of the Same Coin’. Journal of Information Technology & Economic Development, vol. 4(2), pp. 1-18. Stupans, I. (2013). ‘Development of Contemporary Leadership Capacity through Teamwork in an Online Environment: A Pilot Study’. International Journal of Teaching & Learning in Higher Education, vol. 25(2), pp. 262-268. Tiffan, B. (2014). ‘The Art of Team Leadership’. Journal of Health-System Pharmacy, vol. 15, pp. 799-801.

Essay about The Odyssey, by Homer - 1283 Words

The monsters of Homer’s The Odyssey as written by Robert Fitzgerald all share traits in common, but there is always the small differences which make each close encounter more gripping than the last. When the not-so-glorious Odysseus, son of Laertes just manages to elude the cannibalistic clutches of the blinded Kyklops (IX) and takes to the high seas, he becomes arrogant and taunts his nemesis. He does not realize this, but the very words he uttered then sets the holy executioner upon the necks of his crew. Every island he passes or makes port at, his men become feasts for native monsters; however upon the beautiful island of Aiolia his men are not eaten, nor do they die at the hands of any mortal or immortal foe. What is so significant†¦show more content†¦By definition, cannibals are brutes, cruel and uncivil who carelessly eat their own kind or man, which is also the description of â€Å"†¦ Kyklopes,/giants, louts, without a law to bless them.† (IX. 113 -4). Kirke made men into pigs, and displayed her power or dominance, by herding them into a pigsty, â€Å"she flew after them/ with her long stick and shut them in a pigsty† (X. 263-4). She will not kill and eat the mariners raw as men like the cannibalistic Kyklopes would, but only (presumably) when they were no longer man thus they are now pigs). Upon the surface, this transformation appears to be an act of mercy towards the men, however when the men are described to have minds, â€Å"†¦ unchanged†, it appears to be less for mercy (X. 265). Her actions have revealed her to be a cruel and cannibalistic witch, but she maintains her civility and heavenly innocence because it is in her nature to live both lives. Just as a Kyklops is wild and uncivil, Kirke is tame and civil. Though through their similar habits and cruelty they are close, their differences in action and behavior draw them even closer. When Odysseus faces the mighty Kyklops, he fights as though he w ere battling his inner evil or wild olive tree. Kyklops and Kirke may exist like polar ends of a magnet, their similarities holding them together while their differences push them apart. They exist in their trueShow MoreRelatedThe Odyssey by Homer1210 Words   |  5 Pages Homer’s â€Å"The Odyssey† takes place ten years after the events in â€Å"The Iliad†, to which the Odyssey is an indirect sequel, and the fall of Troy; even though the story is believed to have been composed some time during the eight century B.C.E. it is estimated to be set sometime between 1300 and 1000 B.C.E. in Mycenaean Greece during the Bronze age. In this novel all Greek heroes have returned home after the fall of Troy, except for Odysseus who after a three year journey has been held captive by theRead MoreThe Odyssey, By Homer1388 Words   |  6 PagesIs a hero only characterized by their success? If a leader’s last actions carry them to victory, are their flaws unimportant? The Odyssey by Homer narrates the ancient myth of a leader coming home from war in Troy who faces many trials, and despite returning home alone without any of his crew, he is looked upon as a hero for having survived. His ultimately sole success continues to define him, although the bitter truth being that he was the leader of his men when they all perished. As flaws of theRead MoreThe Odyssey By The Homer1976 Words   |  8 PagesThe Odyssey is known as one of the greatest western literature in the world. The book covers many details of the relationship between Gods and humans. The author focuses on Odyssey honor, honesty, bravery, creativity, and nobility. Though the Odyssey has received many criticisms compare to the author other best work such as The Iliad, it has also been praised for its sophistication, complexity and thematic consistency. The book talks about Odysseus journey home to find his son and wife. It also talksRead MoreThe Odyssey by Homer1316 Words   |  6 Pages the time’s culture appropriately. This has been a necessary course of action, to ensure their writing conveys the quest and its respective elements in a manner that will be understood by the responder in the relevant time period. The texts ‘The Odyssey (Homer 8th Century BC), In the Shadow of No Towers (Art Spiegelman 2004) and The Picture of Dorian Gray (Oscar Wilde 1890) have appropriated the archetypal quest in their respective time periods to reflect the values of their context. â€Å"The hero venturesRead MoreThe Odyssey, By Homer990 Words   |  4 Pages The Odyssey, written by Homer, is an epic poem that follows the victorious footsteps of Odysseus, a Greek hero, as he begins his journey to return home to Ithaca. The poem takes place between 750 and 650 B.C. in Greece, shortly after the Trojan War between the city of Troy and King of Sparta. Athena, daughter of Zeus and the goddess of wisdom, is a character that appears in disguise throughout the whole story. She controls when to disguise herself and when to make herself known; essentially havingRead MoreThe Odyssey by Homer1172 Words   |  5 Pages Homer’s, The Odyssey spins an exciting tale of war, fantasy, and magic spanning twenty years. However, the thrust of the story focuses on human relationships and Odysseus’s strong desire to reunite with his wife and soul mate, Penelope and their son Telemachus. However, to truly understand his desire return home, one must examine many facets of the epic. What is the significance of the turmoil experienced in the househol d during his absence? Is Penelope a cunning equal and meet spouse for OdysseusRead MoreThe Odyssey By Homer1337 Words   |  6 PagesTaylor Michael CLAS342 Paper #2 November 28, 2014 The Odyssey is a work by Homer, written to take place ten years after the fall of Troy. In the Iliad Odysseus was not a crucial character, but this particular text follows him around and details his experience after the war. To give some background, He has yet to return to Ithaca in the beginning of the text, away from his wife now for the duration of the battles as well as these ten years following. While he was gone, his palace was overthrown byRead MoreThe Odyssey, By Homer Essay1679 Words   |  7 PagesThe Odyssey, a text written by Homer, originates from Ionia (a part of Asia Minor). This epic poem relates the journeys of both Odysseus and Telemachus. During their journeys, they encounter a wide variety of hosts. Telemachus provides Mentes a great meal and is later also given a feast from King Nestor. In addition, King Nestor also gifted Telemachus two horses and a chariot; Athena gave Telemachus the gift of wise advice, for which he used to go on his journey. And as their pat hs crossed in a meetingRead MoreThe Odyssey by Homer1275 Words   |  5 Pages The Odyssey is one of the two epic Greek poems attributed to Homer. The Odyssey is the sequel of The Iliad and mainly focuses on Odysseus’s return from the battle of Troy to his home, Ithaca. Odysseus’s travels take him beyond the realm of the known world and he encounters many mythological beings, which he has never met before. Every encounter with these creatures in The Odyssey is full of adventures, twists and most important of all, life lessons. If we assume Odysseus’s longRead MoreThe Odyssey By Homer829 Words   |  4 PagesThe Odyssey by Homer tells the story of a Greek warrior named Odysseus, who faces challenges placed upon him by the supernatural, or more specifically, the Greek gods and monsters. His journey begins while sailing home from Troy, where Odysseus had won the Trojan war for the Greeks. 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Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd ) - 1513 Words

America has participated in many wars since her birth as a nation. She has been known as a war machine, and the country thrives economically during these periods. The aftermath of war has affected each individual differently. Post-traumatic stress disorder is nothing new, yet it is now finally known as a condition that may not be treatable, however some has developed ways of managing it. Veterans from the Vietnam and Iraq/Afghanistan conflicts are in the spotlight now for suffering with this condition. Are the Vietnam Veterans offered the same care as the recent combat Veterans of Iraq and Afghanistan, and does the timing of when PTSD interventions take place determine the outcome of the soldier? The conflict in Vietnam was a different war†¦show more content†¦To understand each individual soldier’s PTSD diagnosis, we must examine the war theater they were in. For the Vietnam veteran the public support they encountered was that of violent negativism. The combat front line consisted of little sleep, ragging gun fights that went on for hours or days, and facing the challenge of the racial war between the ranks. They did not have the modern convinces of calling home, e-mailing, or skyping home on a daily basis. Their mindset was shut off from the world of home they left behind, and focused on the war they found themselves in. Also, many lives were lost during Vietnam, and some soldiers did not go out of their way to say hello to a new soldier that was replacing one that died since they to would probably be gone in a day or so (West, 2014). When those that survived the combat battles of war finally came home the only PTSD help they received was that through family, friends, and other soldiers. This could be since the American Psychiatric Association (APA) released a second edition of their manual Diagnostic and Statistical Manual Disorders (DSM-II) that eliminated PTSD as a diagnosis. However, in the first released edition it was considered a diagno sis, however it would be cured in 6 months’ time, or a different diagnosis would be needed (Friedman, 2015). For the current combat Veteran, the experience of war was a vast difference. For

Data Quality As Crime And Crime - 2038 Words

In our continuing state of shrinking government operating budgets, crime scientists and crime analysts need to consider the interrelatedness of spatial and temporal shifts in crime patterns when creating, tracking, and handling crime hot spots. Many studies indicate that crimes are clustered at the neighborhood level, but the entire neighborhood is rarely (if ever) criminogenic and only specific parts of neighborhoods contain high concentrations of crime CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Introduction The study of crime traditionally involved disciples such as psychology and sociology (George, 1978) but crime has always had an inherent geographic quality as crimes will always be linked to a geographical location (Chainey and Radcliff,†¦show more content†¦Then finally looking at the study area of the District of Columbia (Washington D.C.), identifying why this area is one of Americas problem crime areas. 2.2 History of GIS and Crime The use of GIS in crime has been around for centuries with Dent (2000) tracing the mapping of crime back to 1829, when Adriano Balbi and Andrà © Michel Guerry created choropleth maps showing the relationship between violent and property crimes with education levels. As time went on sociologists from the Chicago School, Shaw and McKay (1931) began to map crimes by their XY coordinates to show the geographic location to understand the importance of the crime location. In the 1980’s the reduction in price of computers meant it became more cost effective for GIS Applications (Longley et al, 2011). With the introduction of the new GIS technologies, the ability to use police records within the GIS applications allowed for crime and intelligence analysis (Radcliff, 2004). These days the advancements in technology and the reductions in cost has resulted in GIS applications moving from the backroom computer analysis tool to be used by almost every discip line, from criminology to healthcare, natural resources to economics. These advancements have not just been in the applications but also in the science behind them. This has allowed for more advanced analysis, which use well known mathematical models within their calculations, such as spatial statistics and the use of the Getis-Ordi

Technology Changes in 1850-1900s Free Essays

The American economy has boosted, in such a way where positive and negative impacts can reflect on how the society is handled and seen as. New political ideas and inventions come to place, and our economy starts to shift and handle bigger changes. As a result, America used and developed new customs to help progress and grow to our necessities. We will write a custom essay sample on Technology Changes in 1850-1900s or any similar topic only for you Order Now One of the greatest impacts of technological inventions was the railroad. Railroads were the nation’s first â€Å"big business† and was a source of rapid transportation. Resources needed to build the nationwide network of railroads led to growth in other industries, for example, the coal and steel network. By making the technological changes, it increased and branched off into new jobs and products. For example, the railroads allowed farmers to sell their crops to a larger market, yet the railroads were more powerful than individual farmers or farm collectives. They were able to charge the farmers large fees, expenses that farmers barely had enough to cover, in order to transport their goods throughout the expansive country. Much of the technology was either expensive and/or needed large spaces to work effectively and sufficiently. Similar essay: Was the West a Land of Opportunity or Oppression? In order to promote western expansion, the federal government provided railroad companies with huge subsidies in the form of loans and land grants. Around 80 companies received over 170 million acres of public land and the railroad companies received more than three times the land given away by the Homestead Act. This was when they were offering 160 acres of land free to any citizen who was head of the household. This expanded land ownership and attracted foreigners to settle in these areas. Another huge invention which impacted the lives of people communicating across the country. This invention was called the Telegraph, created by Samuel Morse in 1844. By 1900 telegraph lines linked all continents in a global network of cables. This helped the communication travel around and when wars struck, they were able to stay in contact. The invention of the telegraph branched off to a new invention of the telephone, invented by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876. It opened the way for a worldwide communications network. The economic ideas of Laissez-faire capitalism and Social Darwinism, contributed to the rapid industrialization of the late 1800’s. Economists found in Social Darwinism, a way to justify the doctrine of laissez faire. Laissez-faire capitalism argued that business should not be regulated by the government and that they should be regulated by supply and demand. They would also offer goods at low prices and out of their self-interest. In the 1880’s trusts and monopolies started to undercut the natural regulation of the market. The second economic idea of Social Darwinism was based on Darwin’s theory of natural selection. This theory of natural selection and survival applied to the standards of the business world. How to cite Technology Changes in 1850-1900s, Essay examples

Corruption in Soccer

Question: Discuss about theCorruption in Soccer. Answer: Introduction of Corruption in Soccer Football started its journey as a professional sport under the umbrella of FIFA. Fifa or The Fdration Internationale de Football Association, the international governing body of football started its journey on 21 May 1904. Seven footballing associations signed up for the foundation act of FIFA. The authorized representatives were from France, Belgium, Netherlands, Denmark, Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, and Switzerland(Gabbe, 2013). Today, the FIFA controls the world football and its entire tournament that is played around the world. Currently, FIFA has 211 members who are under the guidance of this governing body. As money flooded in, so did corruption. In all the recent years the transparency of FIFA was under question in many occasions. In the past Fifa had already faced such rumors of misconduct. Presidents Blatters first election in 1998 and his consecutive rise in power for the second time had fuelled the allegations of corruption and bribery. In 2006, Jack Warner, the chairman of CONCACAF, was banned by Fifas ethical committee(McCormick, 2013). The Ernest and Young audit report declared that Warner had earned millions of dollars by selling World Cup tickets in Trinidad. In the following years, Fifa president Bin Hamam was suspended after he was alleged of bribing 40000 USD to buy the votes of the Caribbean officials. The suspension was enacted on May 29(Miller, 2014). Even, the voting session of selection of hosting nations of World Cup 2018 and 2022 were under question. Despite of poor weather and infrastructural facility Qatar was awarded the responsibility of hosting the 2022. Qatar i s a small country and already has issues with labor and other such problems(Gabbe, 2013). Types of Corruption Footballs integrity as an international sport has under questions through various types of corruptions associated with it. There were corrupt officials trying to sell their valuable votes in FIFA(Cleland, 2016). The match officials or referees charged with allegation of match fixing. Players or officials were found to have connections with underworld or drug cartels. Added to them isnegligence of officials towards humanistic values which they overlooked many a times in order to make profit for the organization(Gabbe, 2013). The spirit of the game has been hurt in almost all the cases. The following sections would discuss various types of corruption associated with the game of football. Gambling Football currently is a multi-million dollar sports event considering the World Cup and famous club competitions around the world. Though betting is illegal in some countries, there is easy gambling options available round the internet which any one can access. Friendly betting or mere gambling over football matches or between favorite teams means no harm(Guskiewicz, 2013). But, when influential people try to manipulate the officials or natural flow of the match it becomes a real menace. BBCs report on gambling has revealed that the industry earns 70 percent of its turnover from football itself. The yearly outcome of gambling industry is currently around 500 billion pounds a year. It clearly indicates the degree of which the money is poured indirectly for any game or match of football(Homburg, 2010). Though only 70 percent of the total yearly outcome is from football, still the amount remains lump-sum.In past few incidents, gambling had affected players career(Smith, 2013).Eidur Gudj ohnsen was one such top listed player who was addicted to gambling. He himself mentions that he had taken up the habit as a time-pass during the injury and recovery sessions. Later he became highly addicted to it .The Independent had brought out an interesting issue on players underperforming due gambling. In the report experts suggested that players gamble in order to get rid of the boredom, mostly in case of away games or training sessions. In the long run most people get addicted to it which affects their form in the pitch(Rose-Ackerman, 2015). This situation increased more when gambling was available on line through any mobile devices including pc or laptop. A research was conducted on the issue on behalf of Professional Players Federation. The result shows that most of the players chose to gamble through online for sports, horse racing or at casinos. The other big name in the list was Michael Chopra who had been found to be betting since age of 17(Wilson, 2014). He was even rec orded to have received threats from the loan sharks in the business. His career was threatened by huge debts. The report suggested further that the huge burden of indebt money caused the players to lose concentration and hence the issue is shown in the game itself. To bring a solution to the problem of gambling Interpol and FIFA announced a joint initiative of ten years. Its aim is to train people and arouse ideas about the risks involved and the ill-effects of gambling. The education would be imparted through conference, workshops and online tutorials. Doping Initially the question may arise, if football is really contaminated with doping? The answer might be a no, because there isnt so much stir about this fact in the news or reports.But, the reality is different.The use of PED or performance enhancement drugs, growth hormones, etc. are all commonly used in the world of sports(Bean, 2015). Football is also not lacking behind. But there were reports of star players being spotted at doping clinics. In the past there were famous athletics and players from other games who were accused of doping from failed dope tests. .This fire is yet to burn in football. The day it will start, it will consume the whole world of football(Preuss, 2014). A Sunday times report revealed that a study by UEFA had examined 4000 urine tests from Europes top level players pool. Among them the 7.7 percent were tested to have possible use of steroids of anabolic nature. More stunning outcome of this incident is that zero players were facing any investigation or ban fo r use of dope. UEFA instead, just consumed the issue and shortened it. It is a clear fact that since use of dope is in practice in football the committees does not want to reveal this to the fans around the world. In the past there were high profile players who were caught for use of illegal substances. To add to the PEDs and other boosting drugs, cocaine also was added to the list. Ex-Chelsea player Adrian Mutu was one such example. During his peak times in career he was tested with traces of cocaine. But no other name goes bigger than Maradona(McCormick, 2013). Besides being tested positive with Cocaine, during the 94 world cup he was banned on use of ephedrine, a performance enhancer drug. The infamous doctor Dr. Luis Garcia De Moral worked as a medical advisor in different football team. The term infamous is used as this was the person who caused the whole USA cycling team to be disqualified after positive dope test result. Lance Armstrong was a part of the teamed(Georgakis, 2016). Moral had exclaimed this fact to one of the members that they were taking nothing compared to the football players. Another doctor from Spain, Dr. Fuentes also holds the key to doping in the world of football. T hese both doctors were charged with possession of anabolic steroids. The former was banned by US Anti-doping Agency and the latter is still under trial. Match-Fixing The problem of betting and gambling slowly invited another problem which would alter the very course of a normal game. In hunger to earn more money and fill the pocket had become more important than the game of football itself. Match-fixing refers to altering the result or outcome of the match by manipulating either the players or officials involved in the game(Holden, 2016). In football there are 22 players on field. There are staffs, managers, substitutes those are involved in the match. It is kind of tough to match-fix in football due to dynamic nature of the game itself. But forcing unwanted errors in key position often does the trick required. These chances created helps to aid a gamble and earning cash(Eberhardt, 2016). These actions vary from rash tackles inside the box to earn penalty, goalkeeping flaws leading to conceding of goals, or a same side goal costing an entire match. Referees are also targeted as they control the flow of the match. A controversial marching order or time manipulation etc. can be used by referees(Paradiso, 2015). All the mentioned instances were derived from suspected matches where possible fixing took place. The examples are plenty in the world of footballto produce as a fixed match, either through an official or any players. The most recent and famous example of match fixing took place in Italy Seria A. In the year 2006 world famous Italian club Juventus was relegated from the Premier Division and was stripped of the last two titles. The Italian police had discovered taped conversation of manager Luciano Moggi which led to the decision(Halabi, 2012). In the tapes, Moggi was found speaking to officials to ensure the Turin outfit matches to be overseen by pro-Juventus referees. In the run, Ac Milan and Fiorentina also faced point deduction(ROSE, 2014). The corruption in Poland covered as many as 117 people. These people included players, referees, coaches, players and officials who were charged in recent years with the crime of match fixing.29 clubs were marked to be the part of corruption. As a result of which seven clubs were demoted in the year 2007-08(Szymanski, 2014). Among them were four times champion Widzew Lodz overturned the ban using a court of arbitration. PPF coordinator Michael Listview exclaimed that they wanted to save the federation and also the Polish Football. Later entire governing body of PPF was charged with scandal was banned in 2008(Bean, 2015). Other Issues Besides the above mentioned issues, corruption is also seen in form of dictatorship in football. Fifa being the governing body is in the supreme position. They are often accused of overlooking humanistic issues which would have required careful analysis and proper action before the result declaration(Masters, 2015). These actions do not directly affect the fans and the game but puts abad example to the integrity of the sports and sometimes people suffer due to the recklessness. Brazil World Cup 2016, or upcoming Qatar world cup the humanistic ignorance of FIFA has raised several issues(Georgakis, 2016). FIFA has been alleged to overlook the financial conditions of Brazil yet enacting them with a million dollar tournament. Qatar World Cup 2022 is already under controversy of being the host nation for next Fifa World Cup. The temperature in Qatar in summer reaches up to 122 degrees. Fifa has already decided to shift the schedule from summer to winter season. The schedule has been risked with a clash with other major sports events and on the eve of Christmas. This decision will be costing the people their family time too(Veloso, 2013). There were bids from several other countries, who were interested in hosting the games in summer. But, FIFAs decision regarding host nation of 2022 world cup seemed silly and unfair. Moreover, Qatar is a tiny country and still lacks the infrastructure to host a major tournament like the World Cup. So to stage the "greatest show on earth," they have to build everything from a scratch(John, 2013). According to many experts, Qatar is indeed a strange place to host a World Cup when there were bids from other countries with far better infrastructure. Qatar has already started t o construct with breakneck speed(Gardner, 2014). Qatar officials have also tried to keep down the labor cost as cheap as possible. A more feared issue that is relevant in the world of football is human trafficking. The problem of exploitation of poor people in the name of making them stars by some corrupt officials has already been in practice. But, Fifa is yet to make any proactive decision or a mere statement to confront the issues. They are busy with the readymade stars overseeing a thousand others who lose their future in the dream of becoming a star(Cleland, 2016). Most Relevant Corruption in Football Corruptions have already developed its many faces in the game of football. The most relevant problem which the game of football faces is through gambling, betting and match fixing issues. The money behind the game is increased two fold with the issues. In order to win the invested bets or to earn more cash influential people have again and again used their power to alter the course of the game in favor of them. Vietnam bears such an example where the entire football system of country was under jeopardy due to corrupt officials, players and personnels(Junge, 2011). Referee Long Trung Viet was charged in crime of assisting a division 1 team to fix matches in order to rise to premiere division. The investigation by police brought the fact that during a time span of 20 years 150 games were fixed. As a result, 15 referees were banned for the final two years(Meier, 2015). Last season the V-league was on the verge of suspension(Eberhardt, 2016). Many teams, players and star Vietnamese strik er Pham Van Quyen was banned with charges of corruption. This is how hunger for excess money can put whole system in jeopardy. Though it is hard to influence in the western world still it is an alarm to upcoming situation. Professionalism is required but it must be checked that it may not turn into lavishness where the integrity of the sports is sold in order earn more for convenience. The money ball has already started to affect the game around the world(Homburg, 2010). Besides Vietnam similar situations exists in Poland, Goa, Colombia and other such places where the money business is a different level altogether. Conclusion The major controversy today about football is that is it becoming a money game too. The stars of football, emerged from the club football, fail to put up a good show for the country. Recent times saw many such big names that were popular among the fans but lost their credibility in their respective national jerseys. The credibility of the players comes under question again and again. Being one of the most famous sports its integrity has been under question many times. Moreover, football holds one of the most prestigious Fifa World Cups every four years to fight for the top spot. Despite all these the bar of club football, the money game goes up. Smelling the green notes, players fight their hearts out for the club who pays them for the professional career. Moreover, it is the clubs which keep the cash stash clicking. So naturally, there is a debate on whether it is club or nation one should give everything out. Fifa has also been hit by worst allegations which condemned its Presidents and power holders. When the governing body itself is in questions, it puts doubt marks on the sports and its credibility in itself. Though it was difficult to match fix a dynamic game of football through the players. Situations revealed that there are other methods too. Officials and referees were bought in many cases. Despite all these controversies football still holds the spirit somehow till date when the players burn it out on the field. References Bean, B. W. (2015). An Interim Essay on FIFA's World Cup of Corruption: The Desperate Need for International Corporate Governance Standards at FIFA. ILSA Journal of International Comparative Law, 98(7), 33-95. Cleland, J. (2016). Football fans views of racism in British football. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 51(1), 27-43. Eberhardt, K. A. (2016). Health risks related to mass gatherings/sports events and implications for the Summer Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro in 2016. Travel medicine and infectious disease, 94(3), 85-150. 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