Financial Industry Megamergers Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Financial Industry Megamergers - Research Paper Example One of them is connected with the regulatory agreements of megamergers which actually are dependent on the antitrust concentration. Hoenig (1999) is worried that when megamergers become the prevalent financial institutions, governments will be forced to close down those that become less influential, out of fear to create unsecure financial system. Thus, the government implicitly guarantees such mergers that might be uninsured depositors or creditors, which eventually lead to unstable and less efficient financial structure (Hoenig, 1999). Hoenig (1999) says that he is less optimistic about the challenges that occur in the merging processes. He also suspects that in the near future financial specialists have to cope with merger institutions that are "too big to fail" and advises that experts have to carefully balance between the "economic benefits of consolidation" and the "potential costs to the financial system (p.2)." Hoenig (1999) remarks that consolidation in the financial services happen in three dimensions: within the banking industry, between banks and other financial organizations and across national borders. Up to 1999, there is an apparent decline of banking institutions. In the 1980s the number of banks in the United States is about 12 thousand. The estimated number in 1999 is 7 thousand (Hoenig, 1999). The same trend is occurring in most of the European countries. In the U.S the alliance is between commercial banking and investment banking services. In Europe, the model unifies the banking and insurance operations (Hoenig, 1999). Hoenig (199) discusses that the primary reason for consolidation in the financial services industry is to overcome possible problems and weaknesses caused by real estate lending, for instance. Another important factor is the development of telecommunication and information technology which lowered the prices of the banking sector. Greater economies of scale are achieved through merging various services, forcing small companies to merge in order to increase the competition (Hoenig, 1999). Legal boundaries have also been removed, so that interstate banking is now feasible. International consolidation is a fact with many countries opening up their "domestic financial markets by liberalizing foreign ownership of domestic financial institutions (Hoenig, 1999, p.3)." Megamergers pose serious questions about the public policy, such as whether the consolidation is in the public interest. Thus, banking agencies and Justice Departments have to take into consideration public policies before confirming an acquisition (Hoenig, 1999). To satisfy the public interests banking organizations continue to be active even after merging especially in order to create good records for servicing their communities. Hoenig (1999) highlights that megamergers in the U.S do not have antitrust problems and follow the traditional merger recommendations, focusing on different range of financial activities. The new policy issues that Hoenig (1999) mentions concern the protections of the financial conglomerates guaranteed by the government as "too big to fall" institutions. This can lead to serious consequences. Because the activities of these megamergers constitute a large proportion of the country's payment system, possible

Human Trafficking Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Human Trafficking - Research Paper Example Human trafficking is an important issue to discuss since most governments have not been serious with the vice. There are many arguments that have been put forward to attempt to explain how human trafficking started. There are some sources that claim that slave trade started when Africans were being captured by slave traders and would be shipped across Atlantic Ocean to America. Some consider the forced labor of children in 1700s was the true commencement of human trafficking. There was also white slavery that some individuals consider it to be the first legally recognized form of human trafficking. Complexities of the phenomenon, as well as opposing views about prostitution, have resulted in many controversial debates on human trafficking. The origin of human trafficking debates started towards the end of the nineteenth century during that time â€Å"white slavery† resulted in public outrage and was a key priority for international organizations. â€Å"White slavery† is the abduction as well as transportation of white women for purposes of prostitution (Masika 22, and Pliley 18 1). White slaves were women and girls who were unsuspectingly ensnared into prostitution through being seduced or raped when drunk or drugged, whence they were â€Å"enslaved† in whore houses. This problem was addressed through the formulation of regulations that stopped human trafficking. Human trafficking is a concern that plagues our society. Human trafficking is a great threat to state security and source of insecurity to the vulnerable and affected communities and individuals (Beeks and Amir xv, and Quayson and Arhin 5). For states, human trafficking is a key challenge to their legitimacy, authority, as well as control over sovereign territory as well as state borders. Human trafficking thrives profligately on corruption since human traffickers use links with state officials,

Global Leader in Foreign Direct Investments Essay Example for Free

Global Leader in Foreign Direct Investments Essay This dissertation focused on the Foreign Direct Investments (FDI) of India relative to China, together with its competitive advantages and the underlying factors which set them apart. In addition, strategies in which India can further strengthen its competitive advantage were elaborated together with the best approaches to keep at par or surpass China in terms of its FDI dominance. This chapter presented the background of the research problem, the research questions that the dissertation aimed to answer, significance of the study, the dissertations adopted research design and methodology, together in which how the sections in this dissertation were organized. 1. 1 Background of the Problem The surge of foreign direct investments in Asian countries is primarily determined by the privatization and at the same time the globalization of production. The degree of political stability, government policies, together with trade and investment regimes allowed host countries to be very open in terms of FDI investments. Due to the liberalization of the developing countries economies, the Global Development Finance of the World Bank in 1999 claimed that FDI flows to developing countries have increased more than six times (Chakraborty and Basu, 2002). Foreign direct investments have bloomed for both China and India by more than 1,500 percent between 1990 and in the recent years, and both countries have growing domestic considerable consumer markets, both economies are starting to produce higher value products and develop networks to maintain competitive advantages beyond mere cost (Laudiciana and White, 2005). Both India and China share the same level of competitiveness in terms of FDI attractiveness among multinational companies. However, it could be noted that India or China being a more favorable destination for FDIs should be closely taken into consideration. It could be noted that there are business ventures that are proven to be more profitable exclusively in only one of the countries even though the aforementioned offers the same services. On another perspective, specific business ventures could experience a relatively highly specialized output given for instance that such would be deployed in the right geographic location (Laudiciana and White, 2005). It could be noted that India has undergone remarkable international integration and development over the past few years. Since 1991, after the external payment crisis in India, there has been liberalization of various policies implemented by the government. In turn, the current investment climate has attracted many foreign investors in the country in various sectors. As such it is with this respect that competitive advantages possessed both by India with China, could be noted as it plays a vital role in terms of the success and eventually business profitability. On the other hand, it could be traced back that China started its state-led modernization reform in the late 1970s after many years of operating according to the Soviet model. Contrasting this to India, the aforementioned’s main reform started after 1991 after which relied largely on the private sector. China’s FDI mainly consists of capital intensive flows whereas India’s FDI is mainly skill intensive (Laudiciana and White, 2005). The impact of such investment has on the domestic economy and the experience of the multinationals with the overall business environment in the sub continent is very vital. Thus it becomes necessary to study the impact of such inflows as it has important policy implications. 1. 2 Research Questions The dissertation aims to answer the following questions: 1. What are the factors that differentiate India’s and China’s FDI performances that influence the inflows and stocks of the aforementioned? 2. What are the effects of FDI inflows and stocks to the economy of India? 3. How will India develop a competitive advantage in terms of its FDI and take over China as a leader in FDI in the future?

Applying Anticipatory Logistics to Business Essays -- essays research

Applying Anticipatory Logistics to Business What is anticipatory logistics? It’s a system made of information which anticipates the requirement of customers needs so suppliers can provide adequate service production to meet their needs. Anticipatory logistics is part of the supply chain management which is how things get from the manufacturer to the customer, but it also is the raw materials that are needed in manufacturing. The U.S. Army uses Anticipatory logistics in their supply chain to manage ammunition, maintenance and fuel needs; they use C4I which stands for computer, command, control, communication and intelligence along with other DOD military branches. Logistics are part of military operation and knowing when solders will need new equipment in the field takes planning and coordination through the supply management board. In this paper I attend to describe anticipatory logistics and why it works well for the army and that is should be used in corporate business. To understand more about anticipatory logistics, it’s important to understand the supply chain management. The supply chain involves how things get from the manufacture to the end user, but its is also how materials which is needed for manufacturing get to the manufacture and the company that makes the goods from them who is the end user in a supply chain of command. If the supply chain isn’t managed correctly, there could be delays in production process or there would be too many shipments and not enoug...

Death Penalty for Children Essay

The death penalty issue has always been one of the most important issues of the contemporary system of justice. Years ago the majority of the criminals were male over 20 years old, but nowadays the situation has changed. Not only adults are sentenced but children who are under 18 years old nowadays they commit murders and other terrible crimes. However, a child is always a child and if he commits a crime it is not because he has a good life in fact, it is not the guilt of the children, they don’t have the fortune of having anybody who loves, supports and leads them in the correct direction. Under these conditions a child should never be sentenced to death because they still have a chance to change and re-evaluate their life. A child is not mentally capable of comprehending the crime he or she commits, other people can easily influence children and their psychic process is not stable yet. The majority of the negative manifestations are acquired from parent’s behavior and the child’s social environment. If the child has only aggressive and violent examples in his social environment, he won’t accept the guide of his parents or teachers then the child’s personality deforms. A child is not a criminal adult and should never be treated like that, it is more important to prevent children for committing crimes and remember that children simply reflect what the family and the society have put into their heads. Taking everything into account, children should grow up in a healthy environment with love and respect for the live of themselves and others, this is the way to prevent more crimes. Governments and society must understand that a child is reflection of a happy home, then they should start to improve their behavior to improve their homes and the world.

Comparing and contrasting “The Matrix” and Plato’s “The Allegory Of The Cave” Essay

Comparing and contrasting the synopsis â€Å"The Matrix† to Plato’s â€Å"The Allegory Of The Cave† and also Descartes â€Å"Meditation I Of The Things Of Which We May Doubt† which have several similarities and also some differences. In all three of these stories the main idea is that reality is in question. In the Matrix, the human being is in a pod like machine that is controlled by a computer simulating what we think and know to be reality. Reality is not only created but manipulated to deceive what is truly surrounding you, when you are clearly in a pod unaware of what reality really is. In Plato’s â€Å"The Allegory of the Cave† this also focuses on two different realities based on what is in fact real and what is perceived. Plato’s view on the prisoners being fooled into a false reality by placing fake objects around them to trick their perception of reality and also put them in a one track state of mind, while life goes on outsi de of where they are captive. This is similar to The Matrix because in both stories the people are being manipulated to believe a reality outside of what is truly happening at the present time. In both stories, the person that has been captive for a certain period of time but then is able to experience reality outside of just manipulated perception has doubts, they are in disbelief of what they are actually able to witness for the first time. Reality, not perception but what is truly real happening and not being simulated or manipulated so that you would be fooled into believing something that is not real. In the Matrix, Neo lived a pretty normal life as an everyday human being but could not sleep well and like Plato stated that the prisoner would have to sense something, get some kind of feeling that something just was not quite right about his surroundings and the way they were existing. Another similarity is that the prisoners and pods were being manipulated to believe a false reality by people above them. They were prisoners in caves and pods. I think of course  a difference is of course time periods. Although these stories have similar ideas, the Matrix was an updated version of ideas of two difference realities. A similarity between the Matrix and Descartes is whether or not we are dreaming or if it is in fact reality and how do we know? Neo is questioned about his dreams and being able to wake from the dream and tell if he was indeed awake or still dreaming and that it was Descartes really focuses on in Meditation. Once the prisoner is set free, reality for him is shocking because now what you have been exposed to for so long was a lie. Although this false reality was a lie it was not only what was perceived as real to them but familiar. Finding out something like this can be freeing and yet disappointing and scary like it was for Cypher. Once he discovered that they were lifeless humans being manipulated in pods by computers he was terrified and wanted to erase what he found to be reality. Cypher wanted to go back to how things were before he discovered what really happening to him because he could not and did not want to deal with reality. He found comfort in the simulated life he was given. As far as ignorance being bliss or finding out the harsh reality of illusion, I feel like it depends on the person. I know some people who purposely try to live in a false reality because they just would rather live in a fairytale. They do not want to deal with the harsh realities that come along with knowing the truth. I also know others that no matter how painful or frustrating reality is, knowing what is real and understand what is indeed true is the only way they can function in life.

crime control Essays

crime control Essays crime control Essay crime control Essay Garland, D. 2001. The culture of control. Oxford: Clarendon. The culture of control of David Garland describes the huge changes and developments of criminal Justice and crime control system since the 1970s, as well as the changes of attitude and responses to crime of societies both in the United Kingdom and the USA. The main aim of this book is to explain and observe how come that crime control happened to be so unpredictable, and how those two societies path of historical development of crime control appeared to be practically the contrary of that which was expected. And more importantly this book is focused on how these historical changes in such different fields as sociology, economy and politics have had such a noticeable effect on the developing structures of crime control and public order in the UK and the USA. Accordingly, one of the Garlands arguments in this book is that any major transformations in social grounds lead to the correlative alterations in the structure of crime control (p. 7). In doing so, Garland put an effort to integrate changes in different fields in order to explain what the structure of the modern Justice system is and changes it is shaped by. This book includes eight chapters each of which to contemplate Justice system and crime control. The starting point in answering the questions mentioned above is comparison old and modern crime control and criminal Justice systems in the UK and the USA, which was made in the first chapter. Furthermore, to make this kind of evaluation, in Garlands view, it is crucial to evaluate changes in historical: when the discontinuity started, penalogical: change in the way of discerning and acting on crime, sharp shift of the hierarchy of criminal Justice systems organisations, and inally sociological background of both British and American societies. In addition, list of the most important streams of change, such as the reappearance of corrective sanctions as a result of public outcry and anger, that consequently has led to invocation of peoples opinion in support of new laws and penal policies, which, in turn, resulted in politicization and the new populism, occurring over the past three decades were explored and broadly explained. In another David Garlands criminological book named Punishment and Modern Society (1990) the system of prisons was broadly discussed and critically analysed. In this book Garland criticised the prison to fail correctionalist objectives, and, according to him, the rates of imprisonment declined, while monetary penalties increased harshly (Garland, 1990, p. 149). However, in The culture of Control Garland found this rates to went up and the reinvention of the prison was listed to be one of the major changes taken place in last 30 years both in the I-JK and the USA. It was explained by huge changes of criminological ideas, which used to regard crime as a result of relative deprivation, therefore, according to this theory, person becomes delinquent because of the poor ducation or social injustice, whereas since 1970 control theories, the base of which is assumed to be perfectibility of human-being, were widely adopted, and social control, self-control became dominant subjects of the modern criminal Justice in making policies (p. As a resul t, there were developed innovative criminological and corrective viewpoints, whose the main purpose was to control the occurrence of crime through techniques of social control. While discussing the limitations of the penal-welfare state, Garland mentioned this theory to be emphasized on crime revention, safety of the nation and upholding the order in society by legislators and the public itself. The next few chapters move on to the discussion of how these radical changes in the total crime control arena were formed not only by forces which have influenced the criminal Justice system directly, but also by broader social, economic, and political changes that took place in the United States and Great Britain and were described by huge growth in both of these countries. The author attributes much of this change to industrial and technical progresses uch as mass media, also a growing structure of social and commercial stratification, environmental changes, as well as the transformations in the construction of relationships within family. Furthermore, it was argued that changes which occurred were the result of the numerous national and global calamities that have been plunged. All the social and political transformations mentioned above apparently contributed to the expansion of conflicting political and cultural opinions that reproduced following variations to the structure of social control. In sum, the first our chapters of the book provide a full clarification of the procedures that ended up with the development of a new crime control strategy for the USA and the I-JK. While the next two sections provide an explanation on how politicians and legislators, administrative agencies and criminal Justice specialists replied to difficulties that rose from growing crime rates, as well as the in ability of the contemporary Justice system to meet the publics requests of crime control. According to this view, approval given by public and government is the base for the comparative success of ny crime control. In these chapters the author sought to create a straight connection between the whole mechanisms of the criminal Justice system and the objectives of other organisations. Publics and legislators are viewed to exert an unlimited deal of effect over present social control strategies. This book implies that criminal Justice organizations reply to the requirements of those to whom they are obliged by adjusting their public control responses. The most important conclusion that is considered to be made by Garland in two final chapters is that official social control esponses of criminal Justice institutions are reliant on a certain extent of mutuality with other organizations of informal social control, what consequently leads criminal justice system to be dependent on politicians and legislators who pass and control the law. Also the concluding part of the book contains a brief discussion of the future. In this regard, Garland anticipates times of economic improvements for states and the federal government, as well as as the noticeable decrease of rates of unemployment and gradually declining criminality rates at the first half of the twenty-first century. However, he also predicts that our society is holding the direction towards even more retributory measures, which was described as distinctive feature of the current structure of crime control, and that this track could require extra financial outlay, especially its cost is expected to be most tangible in the long-run future. Hence, he questions the effectiveness of our existing system of social control in tavour ot the penal-weltare structure ot the twentieth century, whose advantages and positive impacts were clearly discussed in Managing Modernity written by Matt Matravers. Where he points out advantages of penal-welfarism as hilosophy of criminal Justice sysem, which supports the point of view that criminals should own the right and the optimistic incentive to achieve chances for improvement in the criminal Justice system (Matavers, 2005, p. ) To draw a conclusion, the book provides an outstanding and broad contrast between crime control system of the past, which was ruled by the penal-welfare ideal, and the recent one, which is considered to be more flexible punitive scheme of social control that developed in the last three decades. This book not only describes the procedures and internal processes of the contemporary crime control system in nusual way and details , paying attention to criminal Justice structure reactions and adaptations to present delinquency control problems, but also it tries to predict the effects of the modern criminological theory and consequences it could lead to in the future. The progression of the contemporary crime control in the UK and he USA was explored and observed from variety angles that this is difficult for me to think of uncovered aspects of this field. And this, according to my mind, resulted in unclear organization of the book. That is, it is often difficult to identify how details of each hapter related to the main argument of the author and consequently, this makes the reader look through the previous pages in order to understand the link and not get confused . Despite the fact that Garlands writing style of The Culture of Control was thorough; the feeling of poor relatedness accompanied me throughout the reading. The high extent of intersection of huge amount of materials could be found to be too complicated to comprehend the aim of each chapter for non-professional in the field of criminal Justice philosophy and crime control literature. Another disenchantment f the book is that it did not provide broad comparison of the development of criminal Justice system between the states of America and Great Britain, which was expected, according to the plan of Garland, to include a range of similarities as well as the differences. There was not clear and systematic contrast on British and American crime controls, that is, some parts of the book have more emphasis on British system, while the others on United States one. Nevertheless, the book delivers a detailed explanation of the forces that have Joint together and contributed to the development of todays crime control system. This book would undeniably be valuable and informative source for expansion the familiarity with sophisticated processes that have developed our social control. Therefore, university students or readers interested or involved into criminological field are expected to advantage from David Garlands investigation of crime and the noticeable shifting of our modern societys reactions to it. References: Garland, D. 1990. Punishment and modern society. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Garland, D 2001. The culture ot control. Oxtord: Clarendon. Matravers, M. 2005. Managing modernity. London: Routledge.